Adolescence Lecture Flashcards
1
Q
Period of development that begins at _______ and ends in _______
A
-puberty
-adulthood
2
Q
Ages of adolescent stage accd to WHO
- Adolescence
- Youth
- Young People
A
- Adolescence = 10-19 yo
- Youth = 15-24 yo
- Young People = 10-24 yo
3
Q
Ages of adolescent stage accd to Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing:
- Early adolescence
- late adolescence
- young adulthood
A
- Early adolescence = 10-14 yo
- late adolescence = 15-19 yo
- young adulthood = 20-24 yo
4
Q
High rate of growth during puberty is second to infancy but greater in
A
duration
5
Q
________ may be greater during adolescence than any other period in life
A
Total nutritional requirements
6
Q
Adolescent sleep pattern
(2 items)
A
stay up late & sleep late in morning
7
Q
___________ of an adolescent reverses eventually (earlier in _________)
A
-chronotype
-girls
8
Q
T or F
Sleep and growth are related
A
True
9
Q
Adolescence is a period of rapid ___________, ___________, ___________ and ___________ changes and it lays the foundation for adopting adult ___________ and ___________
A
-physiological, sexual, neurological and behavioral
-roles and responsibilities
10
Q
Failure to achieve optimal nutrition during adolescence may lead to
(2 items)
A
-delayed & stunted linear growth
-impaired organ remodeling
11
Q
Characteristics of adult:
Physiologically dominated by ______ and _________
development
A
puberty and sexual
12
Q
Epidemiologically, 10-24yo comprises quarter of global population considered to be
(2 items)
A
-healthiest age group
-best able to raise economic productivity
13
Q
5 Physiological characteristics:
- Maturation lead to _________ that lead to _________ in body composition which is _________
A
-hormonal changes
-dramatic changes
-different proportions of lean and fat body mass
14
Q
5 Physiological characteristics:
- During NORMAL puberty, ____ and _____ increase
- 50% of _________ is gained during adolescence
A
-height and body weight
-adult body weight
15
Q
5 Physiological characteristics:
- 2 masses that increase
A
body mass & muscle mass
16
Q
5 Physiological characteristics:
- Which expands during adolescence?
A
blood volume
17
Q
5 Physiological characteristics:
- 5 organs that increase in size during adolescence
A
-brain
-heart
-lungs
-liver
-kidneys
18
Q
Growth and Development
rapid growth spurt ages in boys and girls
A
-Girls: 10-13 yo
-Boys: 12-15 yo
19
Q
Growth and Development
height gain of girls and boys
A
-Girls: + ~10 inches
-Boys: + ~12 inches
20
Q
Growth and Development
T or F
does appetite increase during adolescence?
A
True
21
Q
Growth and Development
this PROGRESSES
through certain stages though ONSET
varies.
A
Sexual development
22
Q
5 Growth and Developmental characteristics of adolescents
ABSHI
A
- Greater interest in adventure
- Body changes which affects diet
- more socialization & peer interaction result to eating more
- higher PA, higher nutrient needs
- seek own identity -> rebellious, easily influences by media/fads -> poor food choices
23
Q
Nutritional Needs and Status of Adolescents
-Nutritional status is measured by
(2 items)
A
-BMI (weight-for-height)
-DBW
24
Q
Nutritional Needs and Status of Adolescents
-Undernutrition can cause
(2 items)
A
-delayed secondary sexual characteristics
-decayed/missing teeth
25
Nutritional Needs and Status of Adolescents
T or F
Mean BMI (11-18 y/o) is lower in developing vs. industrialized countries.
True
26
Nutritional Needs and Status of Adolescents
-Nutritional Status of adolescents is a direct reflection of
cumulative effects of childhood health & nutrition
27
Nutritional Needs and Status of Adolescents
-Specific nutrients needs during adolescence
(3 items)
-Fe
-Fat
-Pro
28
Nutritional Needs and Status of Adolescents
-Growth is dependent on adequate nutrition determined by
(3 items)
-food availability, quality & quantity.
29
Anemia during Adolescence
T or F
- Anemia prevalence rates are similar for males and females.
True
30
Anemia during Adolescence
-girls loss iron during?
-boys need iron for?
-menstruation
-higher muscle mass
31
Anemia during Adolescence
-Anemia affects what 2 levels
-growth and energy levels
32
Anemia during Adolescence
-An anemic pregnant adolescent has higher risks for
(4 items)
-premature births, LBW, & perinatal & maternal mortality
33
Stunting during Adolescence
True or False
Most of the studies reveal that boys are more stunted than girls.
True
34
Anemia during Adolescence
Speculation: Boys 0-5 years old are encouraged to be more independent compared to girls. This may lead to
-more often diarrhea & undernourishment
35
Anemia during Adolescence
Stunting has a more profound effect on girls than boys. It may lead to
obstructed labor during childbirth
36
Anemia during Adolescence
Stunting has also been linked to
Cardiovascular diseases
37
Undernutrition during Adolescence
T or F
more boys are undernourished compared to girls
True
38
Undernutrition during Adolescence
2 reasons for undernutrition
1. Different maturation rates – boys grow at a slower rate than girls.
2. Due to anemia which may affect weight gain because boys gain more muscle
39
Undernutrition during Adolescence
Undernourished pregnant adolescents may lead to
(2 items)
LBW and infant mortality
40
Undernutrition during Adolescence
Undernutrition may also limit
(2 items)
school achievement and productivity
41
7 Program strategies to improve adolescent nutritional status
(ImAsProAnInProGive)
1. Improving nutrition knowledge
2. Assessing & improving dietary intake
3. Provision of dietary supplements
4. Anemia Prevention
5. Initiating programs on proper reproductive health
6. Providing life skills education/youth development
7. Give primary health care
42
Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Fiber
3 purpose of fiber in the body
1. Promotes regular bowel movement
2. help regulate blood lipids
3. help prevent obesity by reducing nutrient density
43
Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Fiber
-Recommended fiber intake per day of boys and girls
-Girls: 13 g/d
-Boys: 17.5 g/d
44
Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Fiber
-AAP recommend of dietary fiber
0.5g DF per kg BW, max of 35g/d
45
Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Fiber
Fiber may block _________, thus adolescents who are on _________ diet should not exceed ___________
-mineral utilization
-mineral deficient diet
-25g/d
46
Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Sodium
Sodium intake of adolescents is higher than the _____________ (? mg/day)
daily value on food labels (2,400mg/d)
47
Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Sodium
Decreasing sodium intake since it affects __________ is applicable to older individuals which are _________
-blood pressure
-salt sensitive
48
Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Sodium
High Na intake may increase _________, increasing __________.
-urinary Ca excretion
-Ca needs
49
Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Milk vs. Soft drink Consumption
T or F
Teens today drink twice as much soda than milk
true
50
Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Milk vs. Soft drink Consumption
Low milk consumption & a high soda intake may decrease overall nutrient status of ____, ____, _____, ____, ____, & ____, and increase risk of ___, & ____.
-Ca, K , Vit A, B2, B9, B12,
-stress fractures & broken bones
51
Special Concerns of Adolescents: Pregnant
3 risks of pregnant adolescents (GMS)
1. Greater physiological stress for both mother & child
2. More risk if mother is underweight, anemic, or conception is closer to onset of menarche
3.Social, psychological and economic problems may arise
52
Special Concerns of Adolescents: Drug abuse
True or False
Drugs may interact with other drugs and also with food
True
53
Special Concerns of Adolescents: Drug abuse
4 Outcomes of substance abuse (VDML)
1. Vitamin deficiencies, anemia, malnutrition
2. Decrease appetite
3. May affect CNS
4. Lowered resistance to diseases (Immunocompromised)
54
Special Concerns of Adolescents: Drug abuse
Management of drug abuse
Provide fruits and vegetables, palatable, nutritious meals
55
Special Concerns of Adolescents: Mental Retardation
Tendency of parents to “baby” the adolescent w/ mental illness → greater risk for
(2 items)
weight gain & low independence
56
Special Concerns of Adolescents: Mental Retardation
3 food management for mentally retarded
(PDA)
1. Provide nutritious meals/foods on a regular schedule
2. Depending on IQ (cognitive ability), teach basic concepts on good nutrition
3. Allow adolescent to participate in meal planning but under close supervision
57
Adolescent Athlete
Concerns on male and female adolescent athletes
Female: Iron deficiency
Male: swayed by fad diets & ergogenic aids
58
What are ergogenic aids
food/supplements that claim to enhance the performance of athletes
59
Adolescent Athlete
5 Management for adolescent athletes
1. TEA of normal+ 500-1500 kcal/d
2. TEA of normal+4000 kcal/d for strenuous sports
3. CHO loading is not advised
4. Provide adequate meals before, during, after events
5. Nutrition counseling & education
60
Eating Disorders Among Adolescents
Difference between anorexia and bulimia nervosa
-Anorexia Nervosa: state of emaciation brought about by voluntary starvation
-Bulimia Nervosa: eating binges followed by self-induced vomiting; often described as “gorge & purge” or “feasting & fasting”
61
Patient care for ppl w/ eating disorders:
2 patient care ways and 3 management ways
1. Psychiatric treatment of psychological problems; disturbed family interactions
2. Nutrition Management
a. Provide adequate nutrients
b. Restore normal food intake
c. Achieve BDW
62
Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:
Attitude to food
-Anorexic: Turns away from food
-Bulimic: Turns to food to cope
63
Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:
Relationship with others
-Anorexic: introvert
-Bulimic: extrovert
64
Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:
Attitude to intimacy
-Anorexic: avoids
-Bulimic: seeks
65
Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:
Feminine role
-Anorexic: negates
-Bulimic: aspires
66
Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:
Control over self
-Anorexic: Rigid control (perfectionist)
-Bulimic: Promiscuous (follow what heart desires w/o thinking of consequences)
67
Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:
View of body image
-Anorexic: Distorted
-Bulimic: Infrequent body distortions
68
Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:
Recognition of illnesses
-Anorexic: Denies; attempts to hide
-Bulimic: Recognizes the illness
69
Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:
Weight loss
-Anorexic: <85% of IBW
-Bulimic: Normal weight
70
Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:
Fear of weight gain
-Anorexic: intense
-Bulimic: exhibits concern
71
Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:
Food pattern
-Anorexic: Reduction in intake, denial of hunger
-Bulimic: Alternates between binges & fasts
72
Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:
Menstrual cycle
-Anorexic: Amenorrhea (no menstrual period anymore)
-Bulimic: Maybe present
73
Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:
Moods
-Anorexic: Hyperactive (like ADHD)
-Bulimic: Depressive
74
Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:
Peculiar food attitude
-Anorexic: Counts spoonfuls, pieces
-Bulimic: None
75
Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:
Health
-Anorexic: Electrolyte imbalance, endocrine & immune dysfunctions
-Bulimic: Poor dental health, Scars on the knuckles, Eroded esophagus
76
Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:
Cause of death
-Anorexic: Starvation, cardiac failure
-Bulimic: Hypokalemia (very low potassium levels), suicide
