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Adolescence Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Period of development that begins at _______ and ends in _______

A

-puberty
-adulthood

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2
Q

Ages of adolescent stage accd to WHO

  1. Adolescence
  2. Youth
  3. Young People
A
  1. Adolescence = 10-19 yo
  2. Youth = 15-24 yo
  3. Young People = 10-24 yo
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3
Q

Ages of adolescent stage accd to Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing:

  1. Early adolescence
  2. late adolescence
  3. young adulthood
A
  1. Early adolescence = 10-14 yo
  2. late adolescence = 15-19 yo
  3. young adulthood = 20-24 yo
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4
Q

High rate of growth during puberty is second to infancy but greater in

A

duration

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5
Q

________ may be greater during adolescence than any other period in life

A

Total nutritional requirements

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6
Q

Adolescent sleep pattern

(2 items)

A

stay up late & sleep late in morning

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7
Q

___________ of an adolescent reverses eventually (earlier in _________)

A

-chronotype
-girls

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8
Q

T or F

Sleep and growth are related

A

True

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9
Q

Adolescence is a period of rapid ___________, ___________, ___________ and ___________ changes and it lays the foundation for adopting adult ___________ and ___________

A

-physiological, sexual, neurological and behavioral

-roles and responsibilities

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10
Q

Failure to achieve optimal nutrition during adolescence may lead to

(2 items)

A

-delayed & stunted linear growth

-impaired organ remodeling

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11
Q

Characteristics of adult:

Physiologically dominated by ______ and _________
development

A

puberty and sexual

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12
Q

Epidemiologically, 10-24yo comprises quarter of global population considered to be

(2 items)

A

-healthiest age group
-best able to raise economic productivity

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13
Q

5 Physiological characteristics:

  1. Maturation lead to _________ that lead to _________ in body composition which is _________
A

-hormonal changes

-dramatic changes

-different proportions of lean and fat body mass

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14
Q

5 Physiological characteristics:

  1. During NORMAL puberty, ____ and _____ increase
  • 50% of _________ is gained during adolescence
A

-height and body weight

-adult body weight

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15
Q

5 Physiological characteristics:

  1. 2 masses that increase
A

body mass & muscle mass

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16
Q

5 Physiological characteristics:

  1. Which expands during adolescence?
A

blood volume

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17
Q

5 Physiological characteristics:

  1. 5 organs that increase in size during adolescence
A

-brain
-heart
-lungs
-liver
-kidneys

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18
Q

Growth and Development

rapid growth spurt ages in boys and girls

A

-Girls: 10-13 yo
-Boys: 12-15 yo

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19
Q

Growth and Development

height gain of girls and boys

A

-Girls: + ~10 inches
-Boys: + ~12 inches

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20
Q

Growth and Development

T or F

does appetite increase during adolescence?

A

True

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21
Q

Growth and Development

this PROGRESSES
through certain stages though ONSET
varies.

A

Sexual development

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22
Q

5 Growth and Developmental characteristics of adolescents

ABSHI

A
  1. Greater interest in adventure
  2. Body changes which affects diet
  3. more socialization & peer interaction result to eating more
  4. higher PA, higher nutrient needs
  5. seek own identity -> rebellious, easily influences by media/fads -> poor food choices
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23
Q

Nutritional Needs and Status of Adolescents

-Nutritional status is measured by

(2 items)

A

-BMI (weight-for-height)
-DBW

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24
Q

Nutritional Needs and Status of Adolescents

-Undernutrition can cause

(2 items)

A

-delayed secondary sexual characteristics
-decayed/missing teeth

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25
Q

Nutritional Needs and Status of Adolescents

T or F

Mean BMI (11-18 y/o) is lower in developing vs. industrialized countries.

A

True

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26
Q

Nutritional Needs and Status of Adolescents

-Nutritional Status of adolescents is a direct reflection of

A

cumulative effects of childhood health & nutrition

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27
Q

Nutritional Needs and Status of Adolescents

-Specific nutrients needs during adolescence

(3 items)

A

-Fe
-Fat
-Pro

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28
Q

Nutritional Needs and Status of Adolescents

-Growth is dependent on adequate nutrition determined by

(3 items)

A

-food availability, quality & quantity.

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29
Q

Anemia during Adolescence

T or F

  • Anemia prevalence rates are similar for males and females.
A

True

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30
Q

Anemia during Adolescence

-girls loss iron during?
-boys need iron for?

A

-menstruation
-higher muscle mass

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31
Q

Anemia during Adolescence

-Anemia affects what 2 levels

A

-growth and energy levels

32
Q

Anemia during Adolescence

-An anemic pregnant adolescent has higher risks for

(4 items)

A

-premature births, LBW, & perinatal & maternal mortality

33
Q

Stunting during Adolescence

True or False

Most of the studies reveal that boys are more stunted than girls.

34
Q

Anemia during Adolescence

Speculation: Boys 0-5 years old are encouraged to be more independent compared to girls. This may lead to

A

-more often diarrhea & undernourishment

35
Q

Anemia during Adolescence

Stunting has a more profound effect on girls than boys. It may lead to

A

obstructed labor during childbirth

36
Q

Anemia during Adolescence

Stunting has also been linked to

A

Cardiovascular diseases

37
Q

Undernutrition during Adolescence

T or F

more boys are undernourished compared to girls

38
Q

Undernutrition during Adolescence

2 reasons for undernutrition

A
  1. Different maturation rates – boys grow at a slower rate than girls.
  2. Due to anemia which may affect weight gain because boys gain more muscle
39
Q

Undernutrition during Adolescence

Undernourished pregnant adolescents may lead to

(2 items)

A

LBW and infant mortality

40
Q

Undernutrition during Adolescence

Undernutrition may also limit

(2 items)

A

school achievement and productivity

41
Q

7 Program strategies to improve adolescent nutritional status

(ImAsProAnInProGive)

A
  1. Improving nutrition knowledge
  2. Assessing & improving dietary intake
  3. Provision of dietary supplements
  4. Anemia Prevention
  5. Initiating programs on proper reproductive health
  6. Providing life skills education/youth development
  7. Give primary health care
42
Q

Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Fiber

3 purpose of fiber in the body

A
  1. Promotes regular bowel movement
  2. help regulate blood lipids
  3. help prevent obesity by reducing nutrient density
43
Q

Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Fiber

-Recommended fiber intake per day of boys and girls

A

-Girls: 13 g/d
-Boys: 17.5 g/d

44
Q

Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Fiber

-AAP recommend of dietary fiber

A

0.5g DF per kg BW, max of 35g/d

45
Q

Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Fiber

Fiber may block _________, thus adolescents who are on _________ diet should not exceed ___________

A

-mineral utilization
-mineral deficient diet
-25g/d

46
Q

Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Sodium

Sodium intake of adolescents is higher than the _____________ (? mg/day)

A

daily value on food labels (2,400mg/d)

47
Q

Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Sodium

Decreasing sodium intake since it affects __________ is applicable to older individuals which are _________

A

-blood pressure
-salt sensitive

48
Q

Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Sodium

High Na intake may increase _________, increasing __________.

A

-urinary Ca excretion
-Ca needs

49
Q

Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Milk vs. Soft drink Consumption

T or F

Teens today drink twice as much soda than milk

50
Q

Current Nutrient Intake of Adolescents: Milk vs. Soft drink Consumption

Low milk consumption & a high soda intake may decrease overall nutrient status of ____, ____, _____, ____, ____, & ____, and increase risk of ___, & ____.

A

-Ca, K , Vit A, B2, B9, B12,
-stress fractures & broken bones

51
Q

Special Concerns of Adolescents: Pregnant

3 risks of pregnant adolescents (GMS)

A
  1. Greater physiological stress for both mother & child
  2. More risk if mother is underweight, anemic, or conception is closer to onset of menarche

3.Social, psychological and economic problems may arise

52
Q

Special Concerns of Adolescents: Drug abuse

True or False

Drugs may interact with other drugs and also with food

53
Q

Special Concerns of Adolescents: Drug abuse

4 Outcomes of substance abuse (VDML)

A
  1. Vitamin deficiencies, anemia, malnutrition
  2. Decrease appetite
  3. May affect CNS
  4. Lowered resistance to diseases (Immunocompromised)
54
Q

Special Concerns of Adolescents: Drug abuse

Management of drug abuse

A

Provide fruits and vegetables, palatable, nutritious meals

55
Q

Special Concerns of Adolescents: Mental Retardation

Tendency of parents to “baby” the adolescent w/ mental illness → greater risk for

(2 items)

A

weight gain & low independence

56
Q

Special Concerns of Adolescents: Mental Retardation

3 food management for mentally retarded

(PDA)

A
  1. Provide nutritious meals/foods on a regular schedule
  2. Depending on IQ (cognitive ability), teach basic concepts on good nutrition
  3. Allow adolescent to participate in meal planning but under close supervision
57
Q

Adolescent Athlete

Concerns on male and female adolescent athletes

A

Female: Iron deficiency
Male: swayed by fad diets & ergogenic aids

58
Q

What are ergogenic aids

A

food/supplements that claim to enhance the performance of athletes

59
Q

Adolescent Athlete

5 Management for adolescent athletes

A
  1. TEA of normal+ 500-1500 kcal/d
  2. TEA of normal+4000 kcal/d for strenuous sports
  3. CHO loading is not advised
  4. Provide adequate meals before, during, after events
  5. Nutrition counseling & education
60
Q

Eating Disorders Among Adolescents

Difference between anorexia and bulimia nervosa

A

-Anorexia Nervosa: state of emaciation brought about by voluntary starvation

-Bulimia Nervosa: eating binges followed by self-induced vomiting; often described as “gorge & purge” or “feasting & fasting”

61
Q

Patient care for ppl w/ eating disorders:

2 patient care ways and 3 management ways

A
  1. Psychiatric treatment of psychological problems; disturbed family interactions
  2. Nutrition Management
    a. Provide adequate nutrients
    b. Restore normal food intake
    c. Achieve BDW
62
Q

Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:

Attitude to food

A

-Anorexic: Turns away from food

-Bulimic: Turns to food to cope

63
Q

Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:

Relationship with others

A

-Anorexic: introvert

-Bulimic: extrovert

64
Q

Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:

Attitude to intimacy

A

-Anorexic: avoids

-Bulimic: seeks

65
Q

Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:

Feminine role

A

-Anorexic: negates

-Bulimic: aspires

66
Q

Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:

Control over self

A

-Anorexic: Rigid control (perfectionist)

-Bulimic: Promiscuous (follow what heart desires w/o thinking of consequences)

67
Q

Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:

View of body image

A

-Anorexic: Distorted

-Bulimic: Infrequent body distortions

68
Q

Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:

Recognition of illnesses

A

-Anorexic: Denies; attempts to hide

-Bulimic: Recognizes the illness

69
Q

Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:

Weight loss

A

-Anorexic: <85% of IBW

-Bulimic: Normal weight

70
Q

Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:

Fear of weight gain

A

-Anorexic: intense

-Bulimic: exhibits concern

71
Q

Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:

Food pattern

A

-Anorexic: Reduction in intake, denial of hunger

-Bulimic: Alternates between binges & fasts

72
Q

Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:

Menstrual cycle

A

-Anorexic: Amenorrhea (no menstrual period anymore)

-Bulimic: Maybe present

73
Q

Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:

Moods

A

-Anorexic: Hyperactive (like ADHD)

-Bulimic: Depressive

74
Q

Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:

Peculiar food attitude

A

-Anorexic: Counts spoonfuls, pieces

-Bulimic: None

75
Q

Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:

Health

A

-Anorexic: Electrolyte imbalance, endocrine & immune dysfunctions

-Bulimic: Poor dental health, Scars on the knuckles, Eroded esophagus

76
Q

Characteristics of anorexics and bulimics:

Cause of death

A

-Anorexic: Starvation, cardiac failure

-Bulimic: Hypokalemia (very low potassium levels), suicide

FN 124 (6 decks)

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