Adolescence Lab Flashcards
Adolescence (includes puberty) is the physical transformation of a child into a young adult where biological changes occur such as
(4 items)
(SIAC)
-sexual maturation,
-increased height and weight
-accumulation of skeletal mass
-changes in body composition
During adolescence, _________ are consistent but the __________ may vary.
-sequence of events
-onset & duration
used to assess to assess biological growth and development in adolescence
sexual maturation
2 things needed to monitor in adolescent girls
-onset of menses
-change in height
Sexual Maturation Rating (SMR) also known as Tanner Stages with the scale of secondary sexual characteristics allows to assess
degree of pubertal maturation regardless of chronological age
what does occur 2-4 yrs after STAGE 2 or initial development of breast buds?
(2 items)
- height spurt 9.5-14.5 yo)
- menarche (1st menses)
2 reasons why adequate
energy and nutrients are by girls
- to achieve their optimum height
- compensate for blood loss due to menarche
% body fat required for menarche to occur
17% body fat
% body fat required for devt and maintenance of regular ovulatory cycles
25% body fat
What happens to adolescent females before menarche
increase in height and weight
What happens to adolescent females during menarche
weight gain slows
down
What happens to adolescent females after onset of menses (or menarche)
peak muscle mass accumulation occurs
what is needed to be monitored in boy adolescents?
onset of growth spurt
What happens to adolescent females at full maturity
body fat increases to 26% & peaks at 15-16 yo
what occurs AFTER Stage 4 or testicular & faint facial hair development?
height spurt (ages 10.5 to 16.5 yo)
adolescent
boys decrease up to ______ by the end of puberty
12% body fat
in adolescent boys, peak height = ? = ?
-peak weight
-peak muscle mass
half of the adult____________ is reached during adolescence
peak bone mass
By age 18, 90% of adult __________ has been formed.
skeletal mass
adolescence is a
CRITICAL TIME for ___________ prevention.
OSTEOPOROSIS
3 main interacting levels of influence that impact the adolescent’s eating behavior such as:
- personal/interpersonal
- environmental/community
- macrosystem.
What are personal/interpersonal factors
daily influences that may have profound effect on food choices
What are environmental/community factors
can either prohibit or promote access to healthy food choices
What are macrosystem factors
have an indirect influence but may exert
a powerful influence on food choices
eating habits of adolescents are not static as they fluctuate throughout adolescence in response to their own
(3 items)
physical, psychosocial, and cognitive development
changes in adolescent intake may be due to
increasingly hectic schedules
Anorexia Nervosa characteristics
(3 items)
(DiReFe)
- distorted body image (overestimation of body fat)
- resist treatment & unwilling to examine faulty value and misconceptions
- fear of gaining weight leading to lower energy intake and body weight
treatment for anorexia nervosa requires multidisciplinary approach where a team is composed of physicians, nurses, psychiatrist, family therapists, and dietitians who work together to resolve 2 sets of issues:
(1) food and weight; and
(2) relationships with oneself and others
3 Nutrition goals for anorexic patients
(StoStaFoc)
- stop weight loss & establish regular eating pattern
- start with low caloric initial diet due to fear of weight gain
- focus on variety of food and energy dense food to gradually increase energy intake
3 levels of risk with appropriate management for anorexic patients
(1) low-risk patients - nutrition counseling;
(2) intermediate-risk patients - ONS that are energy-dense, high protein in addition to their regular meals;
(3) high-risk patients - hospitalization and tubefeeding to prevent death.
Bulimia Nervosa description
starving then bingeing, and purging
Diagnosis of bulimia nervosa is based on
(#I)
-# and frequency of bingeing & purging episodes
-inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain like vomiting or laxative misuse
7 emotional stages of bulimia nervosa
(Anti An U R ReDS)
(1) anticipation and planning,
(2) anxiety,
(3) urgency to begin,
(4) rapid and uncontrolled consumption of food,
(5) relief and relaxation,
(6) disappointment,
(7) shame or disgust
What is emetics
purge the food using laxatives or drugs to induce vomiting followed by restrictive dieting which then leads to intense hunger, and the cycle begins again
-binge eating and purging would lead to
subclinical malnutrition
2 treatments for bulimia nervosa
-establish regular eating patterns
- regular exercise program for weight maintenance
-mental health professional to help patients with
depression and addictive behaviors
What is binge-eating disorder?
-normal and overweight individuals who periodically give dieting a try -> restrict energy intake -> then succumb to uncontrollable cravings and binge eat, do not purge like BN
Diagnosis of binge eating disorder
-# of binge episodes w/ lack of control
binge-eating disorder have higher rates of
(SeDDAH)
-self-loathing,
-disgust about body size,
-depression,
-anxiety,
-health risk
-treatment for binge-eating is to
-participate in weight-control programs to improve physical & mental health, and break the cycle of rapid weight losses and gains
orthorexia nervosa name accd to Steven Bratman (1997)
“ortho” is Greek meaning “correct” and ”orexi”
meaning “appetite”
orthorexia nervosa is an obsession with
healthy eating w/ associated restrictive behaviors leading to malnutrition, loss of
relationships, and poor quality of life
T or F
orthorexia nervosa has an uncertain etiology, no assessment tools and formal diagnostic criteria
True
Best defense against eating disorders accd to Rolfes
(AHR)
-learn to
appreciate his/her own uniqueness
-honor their body’s
real physical needs, unwilling to sacrifice health for conformity
-respect and value oneself may be lifesaving
