admin publica Flashcards
1
Q
it is government in action, the management of public affairs at the implementation of public policies
A
public admin
2
Q
is a phase in the public policy-making cycle and the implementation of public interest
A
public admin
3
Q
public administration is what a state does, it is both created and bound by
A
an instrument of law
4
Q
public administration is law in action:
A
public administration is inherently the execution of public law
5
Q
public administration is the ______ function in government
A
executive
6
Q
can exist between states that are relatively equal in power and involve mutual security guarantees
A
alliances
7
Q
group of independent states that delegate powers on selected issues to a central government
A
confederarion
8
Q
A true federal system such as that in the United
States must have the following features:
A
- a written constitution
- levels of government
- a constitutional distribution of powers
9
Q
represent federalism in action
A
intergovernmental relations
10
Q
are the sets of policies and mechanisms by which the interplay between different levels of government serving a common geographical area is managed
A
intergovernmental relations
11
Q
is the oldest written constitution continuosly in force
A
the 1789 constitution of the United States
12
Q
first chief of justice of the USA and wrote a few federalist papers
A
John Jay
13
Q
is the fundamental settlement defining
federalism and defining the
permanent features of intergovernmental relations in the United States
A
the us constitution
14
Q
types of governments
A
unitary government
federal government
confederation
15
Q
all power lies with the national government
A
unitary government
16
Q
national and state governments with power shared between them
A
federal government
17
Q
power lies with sovereign state governments and an overarching power has some defined powers
A
confederation
18
Q
is a revisited theory of federalism, building on
Friedrich’s idea of federalism as a process, but in a new form to accommodate contemporary forms of compound government in the current era
A
dynamic federalism
19
Q
refers to the fiscal (financial) relationship between and among units of goverment in a federal system
A
fiscal federalism
20
Q
An intergovernmental transfer of funds or other assets
A
grant powers
21
Q
principle economic problems to solve:
A
- attainment of the most equitable distribution of people
- the maintenance of high employment with stable prices
- the establishment of an efficient pattern of resource allocation pattern
22
Q
theory that questioned whether the
governmental decisions really represented the
wishes of most of the citizens
A
The Public Choice theory
23
Q
It is the perfect representation of how the age of devolution is bringing us back to the first principles of the age of revolution
A
welfare reform
24
Q
is to get people to do things they have never
done before, to do things that are not part
of the routine and take risks.
A
the job of a leader
25
Legal and perceived rights that accompany their organizational positions.
legitimacy of a manager
26
Cannot be addressed without introducing the concept of charisma, leadership based on
the compelling personality of the leader rather than on formal position.
legitimacy of a leader
27
Characteristic of a social institution such as a government, a family, or an organization,
whereby it has both a legal and a perceived right to make binding decisions.
legitimacy
28
Essential functions of leaders or
executives according to chester barnard
1. to provide functions of leaders or executives
2. to ptomote the securing of essential efforts
3. to formulate and define the purposes and goals of an organization
29
Assumesthat leaders possesstraitsthat
make them fundamentally different from
followers.
trait theories
30
Sought to determine how leadership was established and exerted
transactional approaches
31
-Determine all policies,set allwork
assignments, personal in criticisms,
and product-task oriented.
-Aggressive behavior and least
satisfied, but highly productive (fear).
-Importantstructuralcause of
organizational incompetence.
authoritarian
32
-Shared decision-making, left decisions
up to the group, participate in group
activities, not to monopolizing.
-High levels ofconsideration for others.
-Mostsatisfied and productive.
-Allowsfor a peaceful evolution and
change.
democratic
33
-Facilitators: allowfreedom for
individual and group decision
making, provid informationwhen
requested, participatewhen
called upon.
-Lowsatisfaction and low
production.
Laissez-faire
34
is one with the ability to change an embedded organizational culture by creating a new vision for the organization and marshaling the appropriate support to make that vision the new reality
transformational leader
35
The best-known transformational leader is
General George S. Patton Jr.
36
Leading people in specific directions of
action and thought based on morals and
decency
moral leadership
37
All our great presidents were leaders of thought at times when certain historic ideas in the life of the nation had to be clarified.
the bully pulpit
38
(1) the modern doctrine of the
presidency
(2) the advent of the modern mass
media
(3)the modern presidentialcampaign,
which blurs campaigning and
governing.
criticism
39
-Popular or massrhetoric,which presidents once employed only rarely, nowserves as one of their principal tools in attempting to govern the nation."
-The "two presidencies": foreign and domestic policy
practice
40
-1948 to 1964
-The Congress approved 58.5% of
the foreign policy bills; 73.3% of
the defense policy bills; On the
other hand, the Congress
approved only 40.2% domestic
policy proposals.
-Noble stateman
Wildavsky's theory
41
referring to the economic and bureaucratic elites that run an industrial society.
managerialism
42
is an old-fashioned reorganization with a graduate education. Traditional reorganization
calls for changes in the administrative structure or formal procedures of government that do
not require fundamental constitutional change
reengineering
43
is quite comfortable with authoritarian management styles and a new version of scientific management has been updated to the constant installation of the latest in behavioral and mechanistic technologies.
managerialism
44
reengineering includes 3 steps:
1. process mapping
2. customer assessment
3. process visioning
45
The key to successful reengineering efforts is the
ability to challenge the assumptions underlying
the current system
46
has the authority and responsability to make decisions, rather than needing to get approval or instruction from a manager
empowered employee
47
is an approach to running public service
organizations that is used in government and public service institutions and agencies, at both sub-national and national levels
the new public management
48
is an approach to research and
development of public administrative attributes and capacity in performing its responsibilities in different political, social, and economic systems
comparative public administration
49
It is the systematic integration of an organization’s efforts to achieve its objectives
performance management
50
is a measured relationship between
the quantity (and quality) of results produced
and the quantity of resources required for the
production of goods or services. In essence is
the measure of the work efficiency of an
individual, a work unit or of an organization.
productivity
51
It is a system introduced by W. Edwards Deming in the 90's which he learned from the statistical
quality control that he learn from the Japanese, is a management approach that required all
employees to participate in quality improvemnent activities.
total quality management
52
is the overarching term of all efforts to use
the Internet to simplify governmental activities for both the public and public's employees.
e-government
53
an integration of public services from the point of view of the citizens of the community
one-stop governments
54
for public administrators, _________ are part of daily life
budget constraints
55
Fairness in the delivery of public
services; it is egalitarianism in action
social equity
56
_______ new public administration called for a proactive administrator with a burning desire for social equity to replace the traditional, impersonal
Frederickson's
57
Discrimination against a person on the basis of race (or ethnicity) or supports the supremacy of one race over others.
racism
58
The underlying basis for African-American claims for special treatment.
heritage of slavery
59
Second Class Citizens. Jim Crow: Race categories.
Equal employment opportunity and civil rights legislation.
reconstruction
60
Applies to a set of employment procedures and practices that effectively prevent any
individual from being adversely excluded from eployment opportunities on the bases of race, color, sex, religion, age, national origin or other factors that cannot lawfully be considered in employing people.
equal employment opportunity
61
6 points of public financial management
democratic consent
equity
transparency
probity
prudence
accountability
62
taxation and spending done with the consent of the governed
democratic consent
63
Governments should be
equitable in raising and
spending taxes
equity
64
Raising and spending funds should be open to public knowledge
transparency
65
Legislators and administrators are the
stewards, not the owners
probity
66
These stewards should not take undue risks with public funds
prudence
67
Those who deal in public funds can and should be regularly called to account for their stewardship
accountability
68
is a 12-month accounting period sinse 1977
fiscal year
69
Single most important decision-making process in the public institutions
budgeting
70
How to rationally allocate
government resources
budgetary theory
71
4 basic dimensions budgeting theory
1. political instrument
2. administrative instrument
3. economic instrument
4. accounting instrument
72
objectives of budgeting
allocation
distribution
stabilization
growth
73
2 types of budget
operating budget and capital budget process
74
Short term plan for managing the
resources necessary to carry out a
program.
operating budget
75
Deals with planning for large expenditures for capital items. Provides for separating the financing of capital, or investment, expenditures
from current, or operating, expenditures.
capital budget process
76
- Consolidated financial statements
- Unified all federal expenditures
- Transparent government spending
integrated budget
77
- Long-term project planning
- Established budget cycles
- Business certainty
multi year budget
78
spending =
taxing + borrowing
79
When they are levied by elected
representatives
taxe's legitimacy
80
-They come from inventiveness of
fiscal experts
-New technology
tax reforms
81
- Most traditional means of financing public services
● It is a compulsory contribution
● Does not include employee and employer
assessments for retirement and social
insurance purposes
general taxation
82
he conception that there could be a government budget at all
executive budget
83
was the original budget format each item of expense had a literal line in a ledger book.
the line-item budget
84
required a performance measure to be stated alongside each line item so that
elementary calculations of unit
cost and efficiency could be made
performance budgeting
85
is a budgeting process that is, first and
foremost, a rejection of the incremental
decision-making model of budgeting.
zero-based budgeting
86
Represent the long-term objectives each agency sets to accomplish but more closely tied to the term of the administration
performance results budgeting
87
Tax rate rises with income
Multiple tax brackets
Complicated rules
Appears unfair
Favored by politicians
Opposed by political right
Greater government revenue
progressive tax
88
Tax rate unaffected by income
Single tax bracket for all
Simple rules
Appears fair
Favored by the wealthy
Opposed by the political left
Greater government revenue
Lower government revenue
flat tax
89
They are specific fees that users or
consumers of a government
service pay to receive that service
user charges
90
They represent an important category of revenue for both state and local governments in many countries
grants
91
is a way of matching costs with those who benefit from the borrowing.
debt
92
Management of the economy
- Amount of money in circulation
- Interest rates
- Banking
monetary policy
93
Manipulation of government finances
- Economic growth and stability
- Increasing/decreasing taxes
fiscal policy
94
is a certificate of indebtedness issued by a borrower to a lender that constitutes a legal obligation to repay the principal of the loan plus accrued interest.
bond
95
are the debt instruments of subnational governments
Municipal bonds
96
george washington stablished 5 executive departments
war
justice
treasury
post office
state
97
were the first public administrators
military officers
98
Administration come from its military roots:
hierarchy, line, staff personnel, logistics,
communication, reform, strategy
99
were the managers who allowed the patrician
governing class to exercise actual command.
the roman military men
100
was the beginning of the first civil service, civilian
public administration, and the modern merit
system.
ancient rome
101
military principles
objective
offensive
mass
economy of force
maneuwer
unity of command
security
surprise
simplicity
102
He wrote dozens of books explaining why
some generals (mainly Napoléon) and some
armies (mainly the French) were consistently
more successful than their rivals
antoine-henri jomini
103
Publication of textbooks, self-improvement, and
“how-to-succeed” books on management using a
principles approach
early 20th century
104
Business administration
emerged as an academic field
end of 19th century
105
How groups and individuals behave in different
organizational arrangements
organizational theory
106
It is rooted in the industrial revolution of the 1700s. It’s the first theory of its kind and is considered traditional because it takes a rigid as well as a static view of organizations.
classical organization theory
107
considered the “father” of the academic discipline of economics, provided the intellectual foundation for laissez-faire capitalism
adam smith
108
He identified the Centralization of equipment and labor in factories, division of specialized labor, management of specialization, and economic paybacks on factory equipment
adam smith
109
Father of the scientific management movement
Taylorism, a series of methods and organizational arrangements to increase the efficiency and speed of machine shop production
frederick w. taylor
110
developed the first comprehensive theory of
management about all the elements necessary to organize and manage a major corporation
Henri Fayol
111
6 principles of fayol
technical
commercial
financial
security
accounting
managerial
112
He shattered public administration’s demarcation between politics and administration, meaning he held that it was a myth that politics was separate and could be taken out of administration
paul appleby's polemic
113
The notion that politics could be separated from administration was disposed
by the New Deal and World War II.
orthodoxy
114
luther guilck's POSDCORB
Planning
Organizing
S taffing
D irecting
C oordinating
R eporting
B udgeting
115
is the totality of government offices that constitute the permanentgovernment of a state
bureaucracy
116
” refers to all of the public officials of a government
bureaucracy
117
The most influential of the neoclassical
organization theorists.
Gained much of his reputation by attacking the
approach of public administration.
herbert a simon
118
Stable conditions
Traditional pattern of hierarchy
Formal rules and regulations
Vertical communications
Structured decision making
mechanistic system
119
Dynamic conditions
Less ridigity
More participation
More reliance on workers to redefine
posotions
organic system
120
Views an organization as a complex set of
interconnected elments,
systems theory
121
self regulation-biological,
social,or technological systems that can
identify problems, do something about
them, and then receive feedback to
adjust automatically.
cybernetics
122
She made some significant contributions in public administration's quest to help us understand how organizations worked.
mary parker follet
123
It is the extreme and public criticism of a person, policy, or nation, it has often followed the word bureaucrat and in the 80’s the acceptance of it was created
bashing
124
Rules are replaced with consensus and dialogue, responsibilities assigned based on competence rather than hierarchy.
post-bureaucratic organization
125
a specific set of linkages among a defined set of persons, with the additional property that the characteristics of these linkages as a whole may be used to interpret the social behavior of the persons involved
social network analysis
126
Origins of modern concepts of honor
greece and rome
127
An example of honorable public service
lucius quinctius
128
is one of the few genuine Cincinnatus figures in
world history.
george washington
129
allows business
operators, dependent on the discretionary
powers of public officials for their livelihood,
to stabilize the relationships essential for
the smooth functioning of their business
bribery
130
is the product of a tension between perceived professional obligations and long-standing moral obligations that are the standards of everydaylife
dirty hands dilemma
131
"The rules of morality in everyday life should not be applied to the acts of public officials when they are carrying out their professional roles and responsibilities to further the common good"
machiavelli
132
4 levels of ethics
personal morality
professional ethics
organizational
social ethics
133
The way a person
should react to
danger or other
situations
codes of honor
134
Standarts of
conduct followed
by people, but they
are not legally
binding
codes of ethics
135
They regulate the conduct of
people to prevent them from using
in a bad manner their position
standarts of conduct
136
refers to what happens when an
employee decides that obligations to society come before obligations to an organization
whistleblowing
137
is an individual who believes the public interest overrides the interests of their organization and publicly exposes corrupt, illegal, fraudulent, or harmful activity
whistleblower
138
Is the extent to which one must answer to
higher authority
accountability
139
is that aspect of administrative responsibility by which officials are held answerable for general notions of democracy and moral-ity as well as for specific legal mandates
administrative accountability
