Adjusting to Modern Life

Question 1

Define: Psychology

Answer 1

the science that studies behavior and the physiological and mental processes that underlie it, and it is the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems”.

Question 2

Define: Adjustment

Answer 2

the psychological processes through which people manage or cope with the demands and challenges of everyday life”.

Question 3

Define: Empiricism

Answer 3

the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation”.

Question 4

What is the conclusions of sciencifc psychology?

Answer 4

are based on careful, systemic observation rather than speculation or “common sense”.

Question 5

What are the advantages of the sciencific approach?

Answer 5

Clarity and precision

Question 6

Define: Experiment

Answer 6

a research method in which the investigator manipulates one (independent) variable under carefully controlled conditions, and observes whether any changes occur in a second (dependent) variable as a result”.

Question 7

Experimental research is?

Answer 7

Looking for a cause

Question 8

Define: an Independent Variable

Answer 8

is a condition or event that an experimenter varies in order to see its impact on another variable”.
It is the variable the researcher manipulates in the experiment.

Question 9

Define: a Dependent Variable

Answer 9

is the variable that is thought to be affected by the manipulations of the independent variable”.
It is usually a measurement of behavior.

Question 10

Define: the Experimental Group

Answer 10

consists of the subjects who receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable”.
In Schachter’s (1959) study, the experimental group was told the shocks would be painful.

Question 11

Define: the Control Group

Answer 11

consists of similar subjects who do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group”.

Question 12

What is the advantage of using experiments?

Answer 12

precise control allows cause and effect conclusions to be drawn.

Question 13

What is the disadvantage of using experiments?

Answer 13

there are some variables of interest that cannot, for ethical reasons, be manipulated in an experiment.

Question 14

Correlational Research is

Answer 14

Looking for links

Question 15

A correlation exists when?

Answer 15

two variables are related to each other

Question 16

Define: A correlation coefficient

Answer 16

a numerical index of the degree of relationship that exists between two variables”.

Question 17

What two piece of information does a correlation coefficient provide?

Answer 17

How strongly related two variables are.
The direction (positive or negative) of the relationship.

Question 18

A Positive Correlation

Answer 18

indicate that two variables covary in the same direction”.

Question 19

A Negative Correlation

Answer 19

indicate that two variables covary in the opposite direction”.

Question 20

In a Positive Correlation what direction do the two variable move?

Answer 20

Increase and decrease together

Same direction

Question 21

In a Negative Correlation what direction do the two variables move?

Answer 21

One variable increase and the other variable decrease. Opposite direction

Question 22

What are the three command methods of finding correlation between variables?

Answer 22

Naturalistic observation
Case Studies
Surveys

Question 23

Define: Naturalistic observation

Answer 23

careful observation of behavior without intervening directly with the subjects”.

Question 24

Define: Case Studies

Answer 24

in-depth investigation of an individual participant

Question 25

Define: Surveys

Answer 25

structured questionnaires designed to solicit information about specific aspects of participants’ behavior”.

Question 26

What are advantages of using correlations

Answer 26

They allow us to explore variables not suitable for/or ethical to manipulate in experimental research.

Question 27

What are disadvantages of using correlations?

Answer 27

Correlations only tell us that two variables are related, not how the two variables are related.

Question 28

Wha is not that important to people happiness?

Answer 28

Money
Age
Gender
Parenthood
Intelligence
phsyical attractiveness

Question 29

What as a moderate impact on are happiness?

Answer 29

Health
Social Activity
Religion
Culture

Question 30

What is very important to are happiness?

Answer 30

Love
Work
Genetics

Question 31

Technological advances have not led to perceptible improvement in our collective health and happiness. This statement defines
A. escape from freedom
B. the point/countpoint phenomenon
C. modern society
D. the paradox of progress

Answer 31

D. the paradox of progress

Question 32

Barry Schwartz (2004) argues that
A. life choices have increased dramatically in modern society
B. the abundance of life choices has unexpected costs.
C. an overabundance of choices increases the potential for rumination and postdecision regret.
D. all of the above are true

Answer 32

D. all of the above are true

Question 33

Whch of the following is not offered in the text as a criticism of self-help books?
A. They are infrequently based on solid research.
B. Most don’t provide explicit directions for changing behavior.
C. the topics they cover are often quite narrow.
D.Many are dominated by psychobabble.

Answer 33

C. the topics they cover are often quite narrow.

Question 34

The adaptation of animals when environments chnge is similar to \_\_\_\_ in humans.
A. orientation
B. assimilation
C. evolution
D. adjustment

Answer 34

D. adjustment

Question 35

An experiment is a research method in which the investigator manipulates the \_\_\_\_\_ variable and observes whether changes occur in a (an) \_\_\_\_\_ variable as a result.
A Independent; dependent
B. control; experimental
C. experimental; control
D. Dependent; independent

Answer 35

A Independent; dependent

Question 36

A researcher wants to determine whether a certain diet causes children to learn better in school in the study, the independent variable is
A. the type of diet
B. a mearsure of learning performance
C. the age of grade level of the children
D. the intelligence level of the children

Answer 36

A. the type of diet

Question 37

A psychologist llected background information about a psychopathic killer, talked to him and people who knew him, and gave hm psychological tests. which research method was she using?
A. case study
B. naturalistic observation
Csurvey
D experiment

Answer 37

A. case study

Question 38

The principal advantage of experimental research is that
A. it has a scientific basis and is therefore convincing to people
B. experiments replicate real-life situations.
C an experiment can be designed for any research problem.
D. it allows the researcher to draw cause-and-effect conclusions.

Answer 38

D. it allows the researcher to draw cause-and-effect conclusions.

Question 39

Research has shown that which of the following is moderately correlatedwith happiness?
A. income
B. intelligence
C. parenthood
D. social activity

Answer 39

D. social activity

Question 40

A good reason for taking notes in your own words, rather than verbatim, that
A. most lectureers are quite wordy.
B. Translating on the spot is good mental exercise.
C. it reduces the likelihood that you”ll later engage in plagiarism
D. it forces you to assimilate the information in a way that makes sense to you.

Answer 40

D. it forces you to assimilate the information in a way that makes sense to you.