ADHD and reluctant talkers

Question 1

what is social competence

Answer 1

being able to engage appropriately in social interactions

Question 2

what is emotional competance

Answer 2

being aware of your own emotions and those of others. Being able to manage/regulate these emotions. This changes with age - tantrums are acceptable for a 2 year old but not a 10 year old.

Question 3

What is attachment and what happens if it is disrupted

Answer 3

When a caregiver establishes a secure relationship with a child that makes them feel safe and protected
It can be disrupted through neglect or physical/emotional abuse. Affects a child’s social-emotional development as it leaves them feeling like they are never safe and cant trust anyone

Question 4

Name the 3 defining features of ADHD

Answer 4

1. impulsiveness
2. inattention
3. hyper/over-activity

Question 5

What is the DSM-V criteria for an ADHD diagnosis

Answer 5

the symptoms must be present before 12 years old

Question 6

Is there a cause for ADHD

Answer 6

no single cause - mix between environmental and genetic factors

Question 7

What is the term used for those who have ADHD with more severe symptoms?

Answer 7

Hyperkinetic disorder

Question 8

Describe the medical management of ADHD

Answer 8

Psychostimulants are prescribed - but these can have significant side effects e.g. weight loss

Question 9

Describe the psychological management of ADHD

Answer 9

helping the child/family/teachers understand the child - e.g. child has difficulties with attention, not bad behaviour

Question 10

Describe school based management

Answer 10

Enabling schools to implement strategies for the children - e.g. physical break

Question 11

Describe why ADHD can lead to SLC difficulties

Answer 11

difficulties with attention impacts how a child will listen and attend (affecting their language learning)
difficulties with impulsivity impacts social communication
If comorbid with other disorders e.g. DLD - makes interventions more challenging

Question 12

What is the diagnostic criteria for selective mutism

Answer 12

Consistent failure to speak in social settings (school) despite speaking in other situations (home)
Must last for at least 1 month
not due to lack of knowledge/confidence in a language
not explained better by a disorder like stuttering

Question 13

what age does selective mutism often begin

Answer 13

2-5

Question 14

what are the 3 stages of anxiety

Answer 14

apprehension - fear something bad will happen
motor tension - increased tension/stress
autonomic activity - fight or flight response