ADHD Flashcards
History of ADHD: 1900-1950
minimal brain dysfunction (damage)
History of ADHD: 1950-1969 DSM2
hyperkinetic/ hyperactivity syndrome
History of ADHD: 1970-1979
recognition of impulsivity and attentional impairment
History of ADHD: 1980- DSM 3
gained a diagnostic criteria and ADD with or without hyperactivity
History of ADHD: DSM 3 R
ADD becomes ADHD
History of ADHD: 1994 DSM 4
inattentive, hyperactive, combined subtypes
definition of ADHD in DSM 5
a persistent pattern of inattention and /or hyperactivity- impulsivity
Inattention in DSM 5 : a, b, c, d, e
a. fails to give close attention to details, makes careless mistakes in work and activities
b. difficulty sustaining attention in tasks, play activities
c. doesn’t listen when spoken to directly
c. doesn’t follow through on instruction- fails to finish tasks
e. difficulty organising tasks and activities
Inattention in DSM 5: f, g, h, i
f. avoids tasks that require sustained mental effort
g. loses things necessary for tasks
h. easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
i. forgetful in daily activities
what does it mean that inattention is a misnomer?
wrong or misleading designation - its not inattention its more over attention
attention takes forms of:
arousal, alertness, selective, divided, span of apprehension, persistence
difficulty in persistence:
the capacity to sustain action/ attention towards a goal. They still persist but just not towards a goal in time. they persist toward delayed end points
emotion and motivation is part of what circuit in the brain?
fronto limbic
persistence relies on:
the ability to resist distractions
children with ADHD do not encode or perceive distractions differently, rather they (5)
- respond to distractions more than other children
- react to events that are irrelevant to the goal
- get off task much faster than others
- have difficulty re engaging with tasks following interruptions
- skip from one incomplete task to another
inattention can largely reflect:
impaired working memory
Hyperactivity and impulsivity a, b, c, d, e
a. often fidgets or taps hands and feet
b. leaves seat when sitting is expected
c. runs around or climbs at inappropriate times
d. unable to play quietly
e. often on the go
Hyperactivity and impulsivity f, g, h, i
f. talks excessively
g. blurts answer before Q is completed
h. difficulty waiting their turn
i. interrupts or intrudes on others
emotional impulsivity??
currently missing from DSM criteria
ADHD not a mood or emotional disorder BUT.. associated with:
poor emotional control
children with ADHD exhibit rapid and unmoderated emotional expression, especially:
impatience, low frustration tolerance, quickness to anger, prone to emotional excitability/ arousal
