ADHD Flashcards

1
Q

What is ADHD characterized by?

A

Inattention
Hyperactivity
impulsivity

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2
Q

Early clinical features of ADHD?

A
Observable in infancy 
sensitive to external cues
Very active and sleep little
Explosible irritable
emotionally labile 
-dont dx before the age of 5
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3
Q

What are some of the characteristics of ADHD?

A
Disorders of executive function
Disorders of self-regulation
- coordination deficit
-disorders of memory and thinking
- specific learning disabilities  
- disorders of speech and hearing 
- poor socialization
- low self esteem
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4
Q

What are females of ADHD commonly dx’ed with first?

A

Depression because they tend to internalize their symptoms

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5
Q

What parts of the brain are affected by ADHD?

A

Prefrontal cortex
Basal ganglia
Cerebellum
- delayed 2-3 years of development shows reduced white matter volume

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6
Q

what neurotransmitters and receptors are involved with ADHD?

A

DA and NE

- lower quantity, low firing and fewer receptors

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7
Q

What does the BG do that is important for ADHD symptoms?

A

selection of appropriate behaviors
- voluntary motor control
Emotional functions

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8
Q

What is the Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC)?

A
  • Regulates selective attn
  • Little attn to detail-no motivation
  • careless mistakes- dont listen
  • Loses things- distract- forget
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9
Q

What is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?

A

Regulates sustain attn and problem solving, executive function and mental effort
- follow through and finish- organization

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10
Q

What is the prefrontal motor cortex?

A

Regulates motor hyperactivity

  • fidget and leaves seat
  • on the go/driven
  • difficulty playing quietly
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11
Q

What is the orbital frontal cortex?

A

Regulates impulsivity and social and emotional responses?

  • talks excessively- blurts
  • non waiting - interrupts
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12
Q

Etiology of ADHD?

A

Unknown

  • obstetrical problems
  • chromosome 6- DA transporter/receptor gene
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13
Q

What is the M:F in Adult ADHD?

A

1: 1
- about 50% from childhood ADHD
- 84% of adults with ADHD have at least 1 child with the disorder

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14
Q

Bipolar and ADHD?

A

20-25% with BPD have ADHD

only 7% with ADHD have BPD

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