ADHD Flashcards
What are the core symptoms of ADHD?
Persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
Symptoms must cause impairment in major life activities and be age-inappropriate.
What are the two key features of ADHD?
Persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity; age inappropriate
These features are essential for diagnosis.
What is the DSM limitation regarding ADHD diagnosis?
Developmentally insensitive; categorical rather than continuous view
This can affect the accuracy of ADHD diagnosis.
What is the ADHD-PI subtype?
Inattentive presentation characterized by:
* Inattentive to details
* Easily distracted
* Careless
* Not listening
* Unfocused
* Disorganized
Individuals often struggle with attention-related tasks.
What behaviors are associated with the hyperactivity-impulsivity subtype of ADHD?
Undercontrolled motor behavior, inability to delay gratification, excessive talking, fidgeting
These behaviors can lead to challenges in social and academic settings.
What cognitive deficits are commonly seen in individuals with ADHD?
Deficits in:
* Executive functioning
* Working memory
* Organization
* Response inhibition
* Language
* Emotional regulation
These deficits can significantly impact daily functioning.
Fill in the blank: Most children with ADHD have _______ or above average IQ.
[average]
However, they may struggle to apply their intelligence effectively.
What percentage of children with ADHD experience excessive anxiety?
25% to 50%
This anxiety can worsen ADHD symptoms.
What is the clinical ratio of boys to girls diagnosed with ADHD?
6:1
ADHD in girls may go unrecognized due to different symptom presentation.
What are common medical and physical concerns associated with ADHD?
Higher rates of:
* Enuresis
* Encopresis
* Asthma
* Sleep disturbances
* Risk-taking behaviors
These concerns can lead to more serious health issues.
What is the primary treatment for ADHD?
Stimulant medication combined with parent management training and educational intervention
A thorough evaluation is essential before treatment.
What are the most effective stimulant medications for ADHD?
Dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate
These medications can help with attention and impulse control.
True or False: ADHD symptoms typically improve significantly as individuals reach adulthood.
False
Many individuals continue to experience symptoms into adulthood.
What factors during pregnancy can contribute to the development of ADHD?
Cigarette, alcohol, and drug use during pregnancy
These factors may compromise the development of the nervous system.
What is the prevalence of ADHD among children of low socioeconomic status (SES)?
Slightly more prevalent, but generally affects all social classes the same
Lower rates are observed among some ethnic groups.
What emotional processes are affected in individuals with ADHD?
Self-regulation, managing frustration, and tolerance for frustration
These emotional challenges can lead to difficulties in social settings.
What are the implications of ADHD on academic functioning?
Lower productivity, lower grades, and lower achievement testing
Children may struggle to advance in grade levels.
