ADHD Flashcards
What is the prevalent of ADHA worldwide?
7%
According to ICD-10 criteria, what clinical features must be present for a diagnosis of ADHA?
- Early onset (before 6 years old)
- They must be present in 2 or more settings
- Must be out of context for the Childs age and IQ
- Hyperactivity
- Inattention
- Impulsivity
(Need at least 6 of the specific criteria)
Name some differential diagnoses that should be considered alongside a diagnosis of ADHD.
- Auditory processing diorder
- Oppositional-defiant diorder
- Depression
- Anxiety
Name any investigations that should be considered in a diagnosis of ADHD.
Conner’s questionnaire
Describe the management of ADHD.
- Parent training/ education programmes
- Behavioural strategies
- CBT
- Medication
Name the 5 medications licensed for ADHD.
Methyphenidate; Stimulant medication. Available as immediate release preparations (e.g. Medikinet) and preparations that contain both immediate release and long release in different proportions (e.g. Medikinet XL, Concerta). Usually started at a smaller dose and titrated to response.
Atomoxetine; (Strattera) May be used when methylphenidate is not effective, if there is an associated tic disorder or anxiety disorder, or if there is a risk of stimulant medication being abused or redirected. Side effects include potential for liver damage.
Lisdexamfetamine; (Elvanse) Newer stimulant medication. Used when methylphenidate is not effective at maximum doses.
Guanfacine; (Intuniv) Non-stimulant medication. Used when stimulant medication is not suitable, not tolerated or ineffective.
Antipsychotics; should not be used in children with ADHD
Name some potential side effects of ADHD medications.
- Raised blood pressure
- Palpitations (representing potentially dangerous arrhythmias)
- Disturbed sleep
- Impaired growth and appetite suppression (which is common and can be severe enough to stop the child eating and gaining weight)
- There can also be problems with aggression or the child becoming more emotional, anxious or depressed
