ADDITIONAL TESTING Flashcards
What is the significance of decreased sperm vitality?
- Indicates normal sperm concentration but significantly reduced motility.
How is the number of dead sperm cells assessed?
- Using the EOSIN-NIGROSIN STAIN method
- Counting dead cells in 100 sperm under bright-field or phase contrast microscopy.
What percentage of living cells is considered normal sperm vitality?
- Normal sperm vitality is defined as having 50% or more living cells.
How can you distinguish living sperm cells from dead ones based on their staining characteristics?
- Living sperm cells remain bluish white
- While dead cells stain red against a purple background.
What are the staining results for dead sperm cells when examining sperm vitality?
- Stain red when observed against a purple background in sperm vitality testing.
What is the normal range of seminal fluid fructose in an ejaculate?
- Equal to or greater than 13 µmol per ejaculate.
What are some conditions associated with low seminal fluid fructose levels?
- Can be associated with abnormalities of the seminal vesicle,
- Bilateral congenital absence of the vas deferens
- Obstruction of the ejaculatory duct
- Partial retrograde ejaculation
- Androgen deficiency
What is the primary role of the Seminal Vesicle in the context of seminal fluid fructose?
- Responsible for the production of seminal fluid fructose.
What is the function of the Vas Deferens in relation to sperm?
- Responsible for moving sperm away from its storage place in the testicle.
What condition is associated with androgen deficiency in this context?
- Androgen deficiency is associated with hormonal issues.
What should be done to prevent fructolysis in seminal fluid fructose testing?
- Should be tested within 2 hours of collection or frozen to prevent fructolysis.
Are Anti-Sperm Antibodies present in both men and women?
- Yes, Anti-Sperm Antibodies can be present in both men and women.
What is the possible effect of Anti-Sperm Antibodies on sperm?
- Anti-Sperm Antibodies can kill sperm, potentially leading to infertility.
In which bodily fluids can Anti-Sperm Antibodies be detected?
- Can be detected in semen, cervical mucosa, or serum
- They are a possible cause of infertility.
What test can detect the presence of IgG Antibodies associated with Anti-Sperm Antibodies?
Mixed Agglutination Reaction Test
Which test is a more specific procedure for detecting Anti-Sperm Antibodies and can identify IgG, IgM, and IgA Antibodies?
- The Immunobead Test is a more specific procedure that can detect
What does a leukocyte count of >1.0 million/mL indicate in microbial and chemical testing, often related to the prostate?
- A leukocyte count of >1.0 million/mL indicates the presence of infection
- Frequently associated with the prostate.
What are some of the most frequently performed microbial tests in microbial and chemical testing?
- Include routine aerobic and anaerobic cultures
- As well as tests for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum.
What is the reference value for Neutral α-glucosidase?
- The reference value for Neutral α-glucosidase is ≥20 mU.
What does a decrease in Neutral α-glucosidase levels indicate?
- A decrease in Neutral α-glucosidase levels may indicate a disorder of the epididymis.
Which chemical component is being tested when looking at Glycerophosphocholine?
Epi
What is the indication for a decrease in L-Carnitine levels?
Epi
What is the reference value for Zinc?
- The reference value for Zinc is ≥2.4 umol.
What does a decrease in Citric Acid levels (≥52 umol) indicate?
- A decrease in Citric Acid levels may indicate a lack of prostatic fluid.
