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AUBF Seminal Fluid (Seminalysis) > ADDITIONAL TESTING > Flashcards

ADDITIONAL TESTING Flashcards

1
Q

What is the significance of decreased sperm vitality?

A
  • Indicates normal sperm concentration but significantly reduced motility.
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2
Q

How is the number of dead sperm cells assessed?

A
  • Using the EOSIN-NIGROSIN STAIN method
  • Counting dead cells in 100 sperm under bright-field or phase contrast microscopy.
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3
Q

What percentage of living cells is considered normal sperm vitality?

A
  • Normal sperm vitality is defined as having 50% or more living cells.
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4
Q

How can you distinguish living sperm cells from dead ones based on their staining characteristics?

A
  • Living sperm cells remain bluish white
  • While dead cells stain red against a purple background.
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5
Q

What are the staining results for dead sperm cells when examining sperm vitality?

A
  • Stain red when observed against a purple background in sperm vitality testing.
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6
Q

What is the normal range of seminal fluid fructose in an ejaculate?

A
  • Equal to or greater than 13 µmol per ejaculate.
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7
Q

What are some conditions associated with low seminal fluid fructose levels?

A
  • Can be associated with abnormalities of the seminal vesicle,
  • Bilateral congenital absence of the vas deferens
  • Obstruction of the ejaculatory duct
  • Partial retrograde ejaculation
  • Androgen deficiency
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8
Q

What is the primary role of the Seminal Vesicle in the context of seminal fluid fructose?

A
  • Responsible for the production of seminal fluid fructose.
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9
Q

What is the function of the Vas Deferens in relation to sperm?

A
  • Responsible for moving sperm away from its storage place in the testicle.
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10
Q

What condition is associated with androgen deficiency in this context?

A
  • Androgen deficiency is associated with hormonal issues.
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11
Q

What should be done to prevent fructolysis in seminal fluid fructose testing?

A
  • Should be tested within 2 hours of collection or frozen to prevent fructolysis.
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12
Q

Are Anti-Sperm Antibodies present in both men and women?

A
  • Yes, Anti-Sperm Antibodies can be present in both men and women.
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13
Q

What is the possible effect of Anti-Sperm Antibodies on sperm?

A
  • Anti-Sperm Antibodies can kill sperm, potentially leading to infertility.
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14
Q

In which bodily fluids can Anti-Sperm Antibodies be detected?

A
  • Can be detected in semen, cervical mucosa, or serum
  • They are a possible cause of infertility.
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15
Q

What test can detect the presence of IgG Antibodies associated with Anti-Sperm Antibodies?

A

Mixed Agglutination Reaction Test

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16
Q

Which test is a more specific procedure for detecting Anti-Sperm Antibodies and can identify IgG, IgM, and IgA Antibodies?

A
  • The Immunobead Test is a more specific procedure that can detect
17
Q

What does a leukocyte count of >1.0 million/mL indicate in microbial and chemical testing, often related to the prostate?

A
  • A leukocyte count of >1.0 million/mL indicates the presence of infection
  • Frequently associated with the prostate.
18
Q

What are some of the most frequently performed microbial tests in microbial and chemical testing?

A
  • Include routine aerobic and anaerobic cultures
  • As well as tests for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum.
19
Q

What is the reference value for Neutral α-glucosidase?

A
  • The reference value for Neutral α-glucosidase is ≥20 mU.
20
Q

What does a decrease in Neutral α-glucosidase levels indicate?

A
  • A decrease in Neutral α-glucosidase levels may indicate a disorder of the epididymis.
21
Q

Which chemical component is being tested when looking at Glycerophosphocholine?

A

Epi

22
Q

What is the indication for a decrease in L-Carnitine levels?

A

Epi

23
Q

What is the reference value for Zinc?

A
  • The reference value for Zinc is ≥2.4 umol.
24
Q

What does a decrease in Citric Acid levels (≥52 umol) indicate?

A
  • A decrease in Citric Acid levels may indicate a lack of prostatic fluid.
25
Q

What is the reference value for Acid Phosphatase?

A
  • The reference value for Acid Phosphatase is ≥200 Units.
26
Q

What does a decrease in Fructose levels (≥13 umol) suggest?

A
  • A decrease in Fructose levels may suggest a lack of seminal fluid.
27
Q

What is the purpose of post-vasectomy semen analysis?

A
  • To determine the presence or absence of spermatozoa in semen samples.
28
Q

When does the testing for post-vasectomy semen analysis typically begin, and when can it be considered successful?

A
  • Typically begins at 2 months post-vasectomy
  • Is considered successful when two consecutive monthly specimens show no spermatozoa (zero sperm).
29
Q

What is the purpose of post-vasectomy semen analysis, and when should it be performed?

A
  • To confirm the absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate after a vasectomy
  • It should be performed starting two months after the procedure and continued for two consecutive months until no spermatozoa are detected
30
Q

What is the purpose of the Hamster Egg Penetration test in sperm function assessment?

A
  • The Hamster Egg Penetration test assesses the sperm’s ability to penetrate non-specific hamster eggs, observed under a microscope.
31
Q

How is sperm’s interaction with midcycle cervical mucus evaluated in the Cervical Mucus Penetration test?

A
  • The Cervical Mucus Penetration test observes the sperm’s ability to penetrate a partner’s midcycle cervical mucus
  • Assessing its capability to navigate through this environment.
32
Q

What does the Hypo-Osmotic Swelling test measure, and how is it evaluated?

A
  • The Hypo-Osmotic Swelling test evaluates sperm membrane integrity and viability by exposing sperm to low-sodium concentrations
  • Normal sperm exhibit swelling in the tail, while abnormal sperm do not show this swelling.
33
Q

What is assessed in the In Vitro Acrosome Reaction test, and how does it determine sperm functionality?

A
  • Assesses the ability of the acrosome to produce enzymes crucial for ovum penetration
  • Sperm with an intact acrosome can penetrate the ovum, while those with a reacted acrosome cannot.

AUBF Seminal Fluid (Seminalysis) (5 decks)

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