Additional study Q's Flashcards
Which activity is an example of the “advocate” role in the community health nurse?
a. Facilitating a self-help group for smoking cessation
b. Doing prenatal assessments
c. Organizing home care support for a newly discharge older client
d. Acting as a member of a community action group for provision of accessible transit choices.
d. Acting as a member of a community action group for provision of accessible transit choices.
Research demonstrates that exercise is important for general wellness and weight control. The community health nurse can use this information to implement primary prevention by doing which of the following?
a. Notifying parents or guardians of their child’s height-weight scale in comparison with national norms.
b. Drafting policy for increases in noncompetitive physical activity programs.
c. Monitoring body mass index in children to identify evaluations before they become difficult to manage.
d. Developing individualized exercise programs for overweight children.
b. Drafting policy for increases in noncompetitive physical activity programs.
The correct answer is b. Drafting policy for increases in noncompetitive physical activity programs because primary prevention focuses on preventing health issues before they arise. Encouraging community-wide physical activity policies helps establish long-term, sustainable health promotion at a population level.
Why Policy Drafting is the Best Choice for Primary Prevention:
1. Primary Prevention Focus – Policy-making ensures a proactive, large-scale approach to promoting physical activity, reducing obesity risk before it develops.
2. Community Impact – Implementing noncompetitive activity programs encourages inclusivity, making exercise accessible to children of all fitness levels.
3. Long-Term Change – Policies help establish sustainable health improvements rather than just addressing individual cases.
Why the Other Options Are Less Suitable:
• (a) Notifying parents about height-weight scales – This is more of an informational or screening strategy, which aligns with secondary prevention (early detection, not broad prevention efforts).
• (c) Monitoring BMI in children – This is secondary prevention since it focuses on early identification of weight issues rather than preventing them from occurring.
• (d) Developing individualized programs – This is a tertiary prevention strategy aimed at managing existing health concerns rather than preventing them at a population level.
What action by a nurse leader would best implement evidence-informed practice at a community nursing centre that serves a large Cuban immigrant population?
a. Sending center staff to conferences and seminars that focus on providing health care to immigrants from Spanish-speaking countries.
b. Having weekly staff meetings for the purpose of determining which methods seem to work best when helping immigrants.
c. Including Cuban immigrants from the community on the centres advisory board.
d. Having university experts with cultural competency expertise review the centres policies.
c. Including Cuban immigrants from the community on the centres advisory board.
Which of the following is the most important ingredient for effective community development?
a. Appropriate location for the services provided.
b. Community participation
c. Adequate funding
d. Professional expertise
b. Community participation
What is the focus of the definition of health in the Ottawa Charter on Health Promotion?
a. Health is incorporated into one’s activities of daily living.
b. Health is an outcome
c. Health is a way to maintain a stable environment.
d. Enjoying life is more important than the need to maintain one’s health.
a. Health is incorporated into one’s activities of daily living.
When assessing immigrant access to regional health care, which data collection method would best provide key information about the community?
a. Informant interviews with local community members
b. Interview with a legislator or local politician
c. Interview with a public health official
d. Interviews with employees of the local health board.
a. Informant interviews with local community members
A community health nurse finds that a family has decided to refuse medical intervention for a particular health concern because the intervention could affect the family members ability to return to work, and consequently the family’s resources would be drastically reduced. Which of the following actions by the CHN would ethically be most appropriate in this situation?
a. The CHN should appreciate that the couple has made the decision that they feel is best for their family and take no further action if it is clear that they have made an informed choice.
b. The CHN should insist that every individual in society has a right to health care and that the family will have to find some way to raise funds for the needed treatment.
c. The CHN should arrange a meeting with the family to discuss the consequences of the couple’s decision.
d. The CHN should talk to the social worker on the health care team to see if he or she can convince the couple to agree to the medical intervention.
a. The CHN should appreciate that the couple has made the decision that they feel is best for their family and take no further action if it is clear that they have made an informed choice.
The Canadian Community Health Nursing Standards of Practice identifies a community health nurse’s role as advocate in creating public policy, as a supporter of community action to influence public policy, and as instrument for societal change. What is an example of a healthy public policy?
a. Marketing materials
b. Crib/bed safety initiatives for infants and young children.
c. Behaviour change
d. Immunizations
b. Crib/bed safety initiatives for infants and young children.
From which health care professional is a rural resident with asthma more likely to receive health care services?
a. Nurse Practitioner
b. Allergist
c. Pulmonologist
d. Pediatrician
a. Nurse Practitioner
A registered nurse has just been employed as a community health nurse. Which question would be most relevant to practice as the nurse begins her position?
a. “Who is the nursing assistant to whom I can refer patients?”
b. “Which community groups are at greatest risk for problems?”
c. “With which physicians will I be collaborating most closely?”
d. “Which patients should I see first as I begin my day?”
b. “Which community groups are at greatest risk for problems?”
A health care provider states, “I’m not going to change the way I practice medicine, regardless of where the client is from, because research shows that Western Medicine is the best.” What behaviour does this statement exemplify?
a. Prejudice
b. Stereotyping
c. Ethnocentrism
d. Racism
c. Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s own culture, values, or practices are superior to those of others. In this case, the healthcare provider dismisses other cultural medical practices and insists on using only Western medicine, exemplifying ethnocentrism.
Which of the following primarily distinguishes case management from managed care?
a. Case management is implemented with individual clients.
b. Case management is a tool for health maintenance organizations
c. Case management is targeted toward a specific segment of the population.
d. Case management is used to monitor the health status, resources, and outcomes from an aggregate.
a. Case management is implemented with individual clients.
A community health nurse is demonstrating the use of a peak flow meter to help children with chronic asthma recognize when they need to use a rescue inhaler. What is the level represented by this activity?
a. Secondary
b. Both primary and secondary
c. Primary
d. Tertiary
d. Tertiary
Which public health service best represents secondary prevention?
a. Administering the influenza vaccine to a community of seniors.
b. Initiating an infant car seat safety screening program for parents in low-income housing.
c. Starting a rehabilitation clinic for middle-aged adults residing in low-income housing.
d. Setting up a support group for teenage mothers of infants with Down syndrome.
b. Initiating an infant car seat safety screening program for parents in low-income housing.
A physician refuses to order pain medication for a person with substance use disorder who was severely injured in a car accident. When the community health nurse requests medication to be used prn, the physician states that the client’s suffering from the pain of his injuries will build character. What ethical theory is the physician using (or misusing)?
a. Virtue ethics
b. Consequentialism
c. Utilitarianism
d. Communitarianism
a. Virtue ethics
A community health nurse implemented an education program that incorporated computer games to reinforce learning in a community of older persons. Although earlier research had demonstrated evidence of improved retention of information by using this method, the CHN found exactly the opposite effect in this group of clients. What would be the most likely cause of the poor outcome in the education program?
a. Failure to consider client and contextual differences
b. Inferior quality of the available research evidence
c. The CHN’s lack of skills in evaluating the evidence.
d. Inadequate incorporation of evidence into practice.
a. Failure to consider client and contextual differences
The correct answer is a. Failure to consider client and contextual differences because the effectiveness of an educational method depends on the characteristics, preferences, and abilities of the target audience. While computer games may improve learning retention in some populations, older adults may have different comfort levels, cognitive processing abilities, or preferences that were not considered.
The Industrial Revolution caused earlier caregiving approaches—where care was provided by families, friends, and neighbours—to become inadequate because of constantly increasing demand. Which situation also contributed to the inadequacy of caregiving approaches at this time?
a. Ongoing wars, which caused frequent deaths and injuries
b. Migration and urbanization
c. Horrific plagues that swept through Europe
d. The need to pay caregivers
b. Migration and urbanization
The correct answer is b. Migration and urbanization because, during the Industrial Revolution, massive migration to cities led to overcrowding, poor living conditions, and increased demand for healthcare services, making traditional family-based caregiving inadequate.
Explanation:
1. Urbanization & Population Growth – Many people moved from rural areas to industrial cities in search of jobs, overwhelming traditional caregiving systems that relied on family and community support.
2. Increased Disease & Poor Living Conditions – Overcrowded housing, poor sanitation, and long working hours led to a rise in disease and injuries, requiring a shift toward institutional healthcare.
3. Shift from Informal to Formal Caregiving – As demand grew, hospitals and professional caregivers became more essential, replacing traditional home-based care.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
• (a) Ongoing wars: While wars did increase injuries, they did not directly cause the shift away from traditional caregiving during the Industrial Revolution.
• (c) Plagues: Major plagues, like the Black Death, occurred before the Industrial Revolution and were not the primary reason for caregiving inadequacy at this time.
• (d) The need to pay caregivers: The shift toward paid caregiving was a result of increased demand, but migration and urbanization were the primary driving forces behind this transition.
The health of which of the following is the primary focus of public health nurses?
a. Populations
b. Families
c. Individuals
d. Groups
a. Populations
A community health nurse is part of a palliative consultation team that provides care for people living on the streets, in parks, or in shelters or who are unwilling or unable to come to the clinic, hospital, or hospice to receive end of life care. How can this type of nursing service be best classified?
a. Private duty nursing
b. Outpost nursing
c. Community-oriented nursing
d. Home health nursing
d. Home health nursing
Which activity is the public health nurse participating in when tracing the sexual contacts of clients with sexually transmitted infections for potential screening purposes?
a. Secondary and tertiary prevention
b. Tertiary prevention
c. Secondary prevention
d. Primary prevention
c. Secondary prevention
Which activity to determine the best way to address an outbreak of a new infectious disease exemplifies evidence-informed practice?
a. Gets information from the internet
b. Reviews several nursing textbooks
c. Reviews outcomes of clinical trials
d. Reviews policies and procedures
c. Reviews outcomes of clinical trials
The incidence of type 2 diabetes among indigenous peoples is three to five times higher than in the general population. When teaching a nutrition class to a group of mostly indigenous students, the community health nurse incorporates into the presentation such foods as Bannock and other healthy dishes familiar to indigenous students. What level of prevention does this culturally sensitive action represent?
a. Both primary and secondary prevention
b. Tertiary prevention
c. Primary prevention
d. Secondary prevention
c. Primary prevention
Yes, this action represents primary prevention because it focuses on preventing type 2 diabetes before it occurs. By providing nutrition education tailored to Indigenous students and incorporating culturally relevant foods, the nurse is promoting healthy lifestyle choices to reduce future disease risk.
Why This is Primary Prevention:
✅ Aims to prevent disease before it starts – Teaching about nutrition helps students adopt healthier eating habits early, reducing their likelihood of developing diabetes.
✅ Targets an at-risk population – Since Indigenous communities face a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, culturally sensitive education ensures that prevention strategies are more effective.
✅ Focuses on lifestyle modification – Encouraging healthy eating and awareness is a key approach in primary prevention.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
• (a) Both primary and secondary prevention – While the education supports primary prevention, it does not directly involve screening or early detection, which are aspects of secondary prevention.
• (b) Tertiary prevention – Tertiary prevention deals with managing an existing condition to prevent complications (e.g., diabetes management programs). Since the students don’t yet have diabetes, this does not apply.
• (d) Secondary prevention – Secondary prevention involves early detection and screening, such as checking blood sugar levels. This intervention is not diagnosing diabetes but preventing it, making it primary prevention.
Which one of the following is a primary prevention activity for decreasing the incidence of communicable diseases?
a. Providing case management services that link clients with communicable diseases to health care and community support services.
b. Partnering with schoolteachers to teach handwashing to elementary school children and observe their techniques
c. Identifying and treating clients in a clinic for sexually transmitted infections
d. Providing directly observed therapy to clients with active tuberculosis.
b. Partnering with schoolteachers to teach handwashing to elementary school children and observe their techniques
A client at a community health outpost who describes a culturally safe encounter describes which community health nursing practices?
a. Mirroring and matching of cultural behaviours
b. Supporting the adoption of dominant cultural behaviours
c. Seeking similarities and commonalities
d. Recognizing and respecting cultural identity
d. Recognizing and respecting cultural identity
