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Dermatology week 3 > Additional skin lesions > Flashcards

Additional skin lesions Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is a seborrhoeic wart?

A

They are benign warty spots. Also known as a basal cell papilloma or seborrhoeic keratosis

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2
Q

Who most commonly get seborrhoeic warts?

A

Older people

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3
Q

Where do seborrhoeic warts arise ?

A

Can arise anywhere on the body

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4
Q

What are the clinical features of seborrhoeic warts?

A
  • Have a typical stuck on appearance like a barnacle
  • Well-defined flat or raised papule or plaque
  • Colour varies - Skin coloured, yellow, grey, light brown, dark brown, black or mixed colours
  • Smooth, waxy or warty surface
  • May be solitary or grouped in certain areas
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5
Q

What is shown in this pic ?

A

A very large seborrhoeic wart

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6
Q

How are seborrhoeic warts diagnosed?

A
  • 1st line = clinically
  • If in doubt the dermoscopy or biopsy may be done
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7
Q

What is the treatment of seborrhoeic warts?

A
  • 1st line = Cryotherapy
  • If large then curretage & local anaesthetic done
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8
Q

What is a lipoma ?

A
  • A benign tumour of adipocytes
  • It slowly grows under the skin in the subcutaneous tissue.
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9
Q

What are the clinical features of a lipoma ?

A
  • Smooth, mobile, painless Lump or lumps
  • Lump has a rubbery or doughy consistency
  • Lump is dome or egg shapped
  • Lumps grow and eventually become visible & palpable
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10
Q

What part of the body are lipomas most common on ?

A

The shoulders, neck, trunk and arms

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11
Q

What is the likely cause in the pic?

A
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12
Q

How are lipomas diagnosed ?

A

Clinically

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13
Q

What is the treatment of lipomas ?

A
  • Nothing - observation
  • If diagnosis uncertain, or compressing on surrounding structures then may be removed
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14
Q

What is a dermatofibroma ?

A

A common benign fibrous nodule

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15
Q

What is the development of a dermatofibroma sometimes secondary to ?

A

An insect bite or rose thorn injury, but not consistently.

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16
Q

What are the clinical features of a dermatofibroma ?

A
  • Very Firm nodules tethered to the skin surface and mobile over subcutaneous tissue.
  • The skin dimples on pinching the lesion.
  • Colour may be pink to light brown in white skin, and dark brown to black in dark skin; some appear paler in the centre.
  • Do not usually cause symptoms, but they are sometimes itchy
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17
Q

How are dermatofibromas diagnosed ?

A

Clinically

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18
Q

What is the treatment of a dermatofibroma ?

A

Nothing - just reassurance

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19
Q

What is a cyst ?

A

A cyst is a benign, round, dome-shaped encapsulated lesion that contains fluid or semi-fluid material.

20
Q

What is an epidermoid cyst ?

A

A benign cyst derived from the infundibulum or upper portion of a hair follicle

21
Q

What are the clinical features of a epidermoid cyst ?

A
  • Commonly affect face & trunk
  • A firm, flesh-coloured or yellowish round papule or nodule fixed to the skin
  • May have a central punctum (hole in the middle)
  • Foul-smelling cheesy debris, which may be expressed from the central punctum.
22
Q

How are epidermoid cysts diagnosed ?

A

Clinically

23
Q

What is the treatment of epidermoid cysts?

A
  • Uncomplicated cysts - no treatment
  • Complicated (infection, rupture, inflammation) - surgical excision with an intact cyst capsule
24
Q

What is a skin tag?

A
  • A common soft harmless lesion that appears to hang off the skin.
  • It is also known as an acrochordon
25
Q

What are the clinical features of a skin tag?

A
  • Skin coloured (or slightly darker)
  • Soft lesion which appears to hang off skin
  • Most commonly appear in skin folds e.g. neck, armpits, groin
26
Q

How are skin tags diagnosed ?

A

Clinically

27
Q

What is the treatment of skin tags ?

A

No treatment is best but if needed then:

  • Surgical excision - snip or shave
  • Very small tags may be removed with cryotherapy
28
Q

What is a haemangioma ?

A

Angioma or haemangioma (American spelling ‘hemangioma’) describes a benign vascular skin lesion

29
Q

What are the 2 main categories of haemangioma ?

A
  1. Those that arise in early life (infantile proliferative haemangioma)
  2. Thse that arise in later in life; most commonly a cherry angioma.
30
Q

What are the clinical features of a cherry haemangioma?

A
  • A firm red, blue or purple papule (may ressemble melanoma)
  • non-blanching
  • not found on the mucous membranes
  • Most common in elderly
31
Q

How are cherry haemangiomas diagnosed and how can they be differentiated from a melanoma ?

A

Clinically - dermoscopy can be used to demonstrate red-clod or lobular pattern to differentiate from melanoma

32
Q

What is the treament of haemnagiomas ?

A

None

33
Q

What is a pyogenic granuloma ?

A

A relatively common, reactive proliferation of capillary blood vessels.

34
Q

What causes a pyogenic granuloma ?

A
  • Minor trauma e.g. a pinprick
  • Infection
  • pregnancy
35
Q

What are the clinical features of a pyogenic granuloma ?

A
  • It presents as a shiny red lump with a raspberry-like or minced meat-like surface.
  • Typically bleeds easily and may ulcerate to form a crusted sore
  • Usually a single lesion which develops over days to weeks
  • Most frequently found on the head, neck, upper trunk, hands (especially fingers) and feet
36
Q

How are pyogenic granuloma diagnosed ?

A

Clinically

37
Q

What is the treatment of pyogenic granuloma ?

A

Surgical excision or curettage

38
Q

What is a merkel cell tumour ?

A

A rare form of skin cancer. It may be very aggressive and often metastasises to other parts of the body.

39
Q

What are the clinical features of a merkel cell tumour ?

A
  • A rapidly enlarging, solitary, irregular red nodule.
  • It is often similar in appearance to other more common skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma but grows much more quickly.
40
Q

How are merkel cell tumours diagnosed ?

A

Biopsy

41
Q

What is the treatment of merkel cell tumours ?

A

MDT assessement (due to poor survival rates) - usually surgery and radiation therapy.

42
Q

What is kaposi’s sarcoma ?

A

A disease of the endothelial cells of blood vessels and the lymphatic system

43
Q

What is the cause of kaposi’s sarcoma ?

A
  • Caused by HHV-8 (human herpes virus 8)
  • Has a strong association with AIDS
44
Q

What are the clinical features of kaposi’s sarcoma ?

A
  • Presents as purple papules or plaques on the skin or mucosa (e.g. gastrointestinal and respiratory tract)
  • Lesions are small & painless
  • Skin lesions may later ulcerate
  • Respiratory involvement may cause massive haemoptysis and pleural effusion
45
Q

How is kaposis sarcoma diagnosed?

A

Skin biopsy

46
Q

What is the treatment of kaposis sarcoma ?

A

Radiotherapy + resection

Dermatology week 3 (14 decks)

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