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Additional Psychometrics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the WPPSI-IV?

A

Weschler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence - Fourth Edition

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2
Q

What is the WPPSI-IV used for?

A

Assessing intelligence of preschool and early primary school aged children. It provides subtest and composite scores in specific cognitive domains as well as a Full Scale IQ score representing general intellectual ability. It is used to assess intellectual ability of children aged 2 years 6 months to 7 years 7 months.

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3
Q

What are the WPPSI-IV indices?

A
  1. Verbal Comprehension Index
  2. Visual Spatial Index
  3. Fluid Reasoning Index
  4. Working Memory Index
  5. Processing Speed Index
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4
Q

What is the WPPSI-IV age range?

A

2 years 6 months - 7 years 7 months

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5
Q

What is the administration time for the WPPSI-IV?

A

Ages 2:6-3:11 = 30-45 minutes

Ages 4:0-7:7 = 45-60 minutes

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6
Q

What are the WPPSI-IV statistical properties?

A

Standard scores are calculated (M = 100, SD = 15) for the Index and Full Scale IQ Scores

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7
Q

What are the cut offs for the WPPSI-IV performance?

A

69 and below = extremely low

130 and above = very superior

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8
Q

What are the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (SB5) used for?

A

Identifying individuals of low intellectual functioning, and those of gifted intellectual functioning.

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9
Q

What are the five factors of cognitive ability that the SB5 measures?

A
  1. Fluid Reasoning
  2. Knowledge
  3. Quantitative Reasoning
  4. Visual-Spatial Processing
  5. Working Memory

Note: for each of the five factor indexes, there are both verbal and nonverbal counterparts.

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10
Q

What indexes does the SB5 give rise to?

A
  1. FSIQ (using all 10 subtests)
  2. Verbal IQ (using the 5 verbal subtests)
  3. Nonverbal IQ (using the 5 nonverbal subtests)
  4. Abbreviated Battery IQ if time is limited for global estimate of overall cognitive functioning or screening
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11
Q

What is the age range for the SB5?

A

SB5 is used to diagnose a range of developmental disabilities and exceptionalities in individuals aged 2-85+ years.

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12
Q

How long does the SB5 take to administer?

A

SB5 full scale battery takes 45-60 minutes (with each subtest taking approximately 5 minutes).

The ABIQ can be determined after 15-20 minutes.

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13
Q

What are the SB5 statistical properties?

A

Each subtest raw score is converted into a scaled score (M=10; SD=3)

Normalised standard scores are computerd for the FSIQ, NVIQ, VIQ, and the five factor indexes (M=100; SD=15)

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14
Q

What is the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) used for?

A

The WASI is used as a brief measure of general cognitive ability in clinical, educational and research settings to estimate IQ when a comprehensive test is unnecessary or to determine if a full test is warranted, or as a re-test measure.

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15
Q

What is the age range of the WASI?

A

6-91 years (aka 6 through 90)

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16
Q

What indexes are formed on the WASI?

A
  1. Verbal Comprehension Index (made of vocabulary and similarities subtests)
  2. Perceptual Reasoning Index (made of block design and matrix reasoning)
  3. FSIQ-4 (made up of all four subtests)
  4. FSIQ-2 (made up of matrix reasoning and vocabulary)
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17
Q

What are the limitations of the WASI?

A

It is not designed for diagnosis.

It is not designed for education support decisions.

Clinical accuracy is reduced compared to full measures of intelligence due to its brief nature.

ATSI groups may score lower due to acculturation issues not ability alone.

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18
Q

How long does the WASI take to administer?

A

The WASI is a standardised test administered by trained professionals, and the four subtests take approximately 30 minutes to administer.

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19
Q

What is the Woodcock-Johnson Test of Cognitive Abilities (WJ-III COG) used for?

A

Provides an overall measure of general cognitive ability termed General Intellectual Ability, as well as a brief measure of general cognitive ability terms the Brief Intellectual Ability.

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20
Q

What is the age range for the WJ-III COG?

A

2-90 years

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21
Q

How long does the WJ-III COG take to administer?

A

The WJ-III COG is an individually administered standardised test involving a one on one interview with a combination of questioning and paper/pencil tasks. The standard battery takes about 40 minutes and the extended battery takes up to about 2 hours.

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22
Q

What subtests are included in the WJ-III COG standard battery?

A
  1. Verbal comprehension = word knowledge
  2. Visual-auditory learning = meaningful memory
  3. Spatial relations = visual-spatial ability
  4. Sound blending = ability to synthesise sounds
  5. Concept formation = inductive and fluid reasoning
  6. Visual matching = visual perceptual speed
  7. Numbers reversed = short-term auditory memory
  8. Incomplete words = auditory analysis and auditory closure
  9. Audtiroy working memory = short-term auditory memory span
  10. Visual-auditory learning-delayed = delayed recall
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23
Q

What is the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices scale used for?

A

The RPM is a non-verbal test typically used to measure general human intelligence and abstract reasoning. It is a non-verbal estimate of fluid intelligence. Given it is non-verbal it is considered to reduce cultural bias too.

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24
Q

What is the age range for RPM?

A

5 years +

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25
Q

What is the design of the RPM scale?

A

The RPM is comprised of 60 multiple choice questions, listed in order of increasing difficulty. In each item, the respodnent is asked to identify the missing element that completes a pattern. Patterns are presented in the form of a 6x6, 4x4, 3x3, or 2x2 matrix (hence the scale name).

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26
Q

What is the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT) used for?

A

The WIAT was designed to assess achievement via a broad range of skills and specific areas of interest. It is used in school or clinic settings to assist with diagnosis of specific learning disabilities, identification of students’ academic strengths and weaknesses, elligibility for educational services, and/or intervetion designs.

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27
Q

What is the WIAT not used for?

A

The WIAT is not used to measure academic giftedeness in adults or older adolescents.

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28
Q

What are the four composites on the WIAT?

A
  1. Reading
  2. Mathematics
  3. Written Language
  4. Oral Language

Note: 9 subtests are used to make up these composites.

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29
Q

What is the administration time for the WIAT?

A

It depends on the number of subtests administerd and the age of the examinee:

Approximately 45 minutes for children aged 4-5; 90 minutes for children aged 6-11; and 90-120 minutes for those aged 12+

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30
Q

What is the age range of the WIAT?

A

4-85 years

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31
Q

How does scoring work on the WIAT?

A

Raw scores from the subtests are converted into selected Derived Scores (e.g. Standard Scores) to allow comparison. Assessment of an examinee’s percentile rank and standard scores (M=100; SD-15) as well as differences between an examinee’s standard scores are considered in interpretation. Standard scores are classified as: extremely low, borderline, low average, average, high average, superior. Discrepancy analyses between ability and achievement scores give information for establishing specific learning disorders.

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32
Q

What is the Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System (ABAS-3) used for?

A

The ABAS-3 is an instrument used to evaluate adaptive behaviour skills which are imporant to everday functioning. It is useful in identifying strengths and weaknesses and can establish a baseline to compare intervention effectiveness.

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33
Q

Why is the ABAS-3 suitable for all ages?

A

The ABAS-3 is suitable for all ages due to the multiple forms available as follows:

  • Parent/Primary Caregiver Form: age 0-5
  • Teacher/Daycare Provider Form: age 2-5
  • Parent Form: age 5-21
  • Teacher Form: age 5-21
  • Adult Form: age 16-89
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34
Q

What domains are measured on the ABAS-3?

A
  1. Conceptual Domain = communication, functional academics (reading/writing), self-direction (responsibility, self, control, following directions, making choices)
  2. Social Domain = leisure, social (showing/recognising emotions)
  3. Practical Domain = community use (shopping skills, getting around), home/school living (cleaning, property maintenance, food prep), health and safety, self-care, motor (for 0-5 years), work (optional-for working ages)
  4. General Adaptive Composite
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35
Q

What is the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-IV) used for?

A

Used to assess a range of memory abilities, and is comprised of seven subtests:

  1. Logical Memory
  2. Verbal Paired Associated
  3. Visual Reproduction
  4. Brief Cognitive Status Exam
  5. Designs
  6. Spatial Addition
  7. Symbol Span
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36
Q

What is the age range for the WMS-IV?

A

The adult battery is for 16-69 years

The older adult battery is for persons aged 65-90 years

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37
Q

What index scores does the WMS-IV produce?

A
  1. Auditory Memory
  2. Visual Memory
  3. Visual Working Memory (only for 16-69 years)
  4. Immediate Memory
  5. Delayed Memory

Plus the Brief Cognitive Status Exam = evaluates global cognitive functioning for those with possible dementia, mild MR, TBI or suspected Alzheimer’s disease.

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38
Q

How long does the WMS-IV take to administer?

A

The WMS-IV takes about 60 minutes to complete. If there are concerns due to the longer administration time, the BCSE can be administered first.

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39
Q

What is the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML2) used for?

A

The WRAML2 is designed to assess memory ability in a range of contexts, including among those with brain injury, dementia, and learning/other developmental disability. It is used in schools, rehab services, vocational counselling, hospitals, research and private practice.

40
Q

What indexes are produced by the WRAML2?

A

6 core subtests contribute to three core indexes:

  1. Verbal Memory
  2. Visual Memory
  3. Attention-Concentration

These combine to form the General Memory Index

41
Q

In the WRAML, what do the optional extra subtests assess?

A

Working Memory

Delayed Recall

Recognition Memory

Note: a Screening Memory Index can also be administerd to establish whether more in-depth assessment is needed.

42
Q

How is the WRAML2 scored?

A

The raw subtest scores are converted to scaled scores that are in turn converted into index composite scores (M=100, SD=15).

A General Memory Index is computed based on the sum of the scaled index scores (M=100, SD=15).

43
Q

What is the Self-Directed Search (SDS; 2nd Australian Edition, Form R) used for?

A

The SDS is used as a self-assessment career inventory to assist people to identify their career interests and match them to suitable occupations or career fields.

44
Q

What is the age range for the SDS?

A

15 years and older

45
Q

What is the SDS theoretical basis?

A

The SDS is based on the theory that people and occupations can be classified into six categories:

  1. Realistic
  2. Investigative
  3. Artistic
  4. Social
  5. Enterprising
  6. Conventional

The more congruent the personality and the occupational characteristics the greater the individual’s vocational satisfaction.

46
Q

How is the SDS structured?

A

Into five sections:

  1. Occupational Daydreams = list up to 5 occupations
  2. Activities = 66 items rated like/dislike
  3. Competencies = 66 items rated yes/no
  4. Occupations = 84 items rated yes/no
  5. Self-Estimates of abilities and skills = 12 items rated on a scale from 1-7 (low-high)
47
Q

How long does the SDS take?

A

Approximately 30-40 minutes

48
Q

How do you score the SDS?

A

The totals of each of the sections are calculated based on the RIASEC categories. The three highest scores generate a three letter code e.g. SEC. The first letter of the code indicates the personality type the person resembles the most, the three-letter code can be matched to occupations preferred by that personality type (via the SDS Occupations Finder)

49
Q

What is the Strong Interest Inventory (SII) used for?

A

The SII is often used to aid career decision-making by assisting individuals to gain in-depth understanding of their interests across a range of categories and to match them with compatiable occupational, educational and leisure pursuits. It is also used for employee engagement, leadership/executive coaching, and employment reintegration.

50
Q

What is the age range for the SII?

A

16 years+

51
Q

How long does the SII take to administer?

A

35-40 minutes

52
Q

What are the five scales on the SII?

A
  1. General Occupational Themes (based on the 6 personality types: Realistic, Investigative, Aritstic, Social, enterprising, and Conventional)
  2. 30 Basic Interest Scales (art, science,athletics, social sciences, sales, and office management)
  3. 260 Occupational Scales (based on US occupations)
  4. 5 Personal Style Scales (work style, learning environment, leadership style, risk taking, and team orientation)
  5. 3 Administrative Indices (to identify test errors or unusual profiles)
53
Q

What is the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) used for?

A

The 16PF measures a range of personality factors and is used to assist with identifying vocational and occupational preferences and suitability.

54
Q

What is the structure of the 16PF?

A

The 16PF comprises 185 multiple choice items, resulting in scores on 16 scales of primary personality factors:
Warmth, Reasoning, Emotional Stability, Dominance, Liveliness, Rule-Consciousness, Social Boldness, Sensitivity, Vigilance, Abstractedness, Privateness, Apprehension, Openness to Change, Self-Reliance, Perfectionism, and Tension.

It also assesses social desirably expressed through Impression Management Index.

55
Q

What five global personality factors are deduced from the 16PF?

A
  1. Extraversion
  2. Anxiety
  3. Tough-Mindedness
  4. Independence
    5/ Self-Control
56
Q

What is the age range for the 16PF?

A

16 years +

57
Q

What is the administration time for the 16PF?

A

25-35 minutes electronically; 35-50 minutes to complete by hand.

58
Q

What is the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) used for?

A

The NEO PI-R is based on the Five Factor Model of personality for assessing Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreableness, and Conscientiousness.

59
Q

What is the structure of the NEO PI-R?

A

The NEO PI-R consists of 240 multiple choice items completed by the individual being assessed (Form S) and/or a person known well to the individual being assessed (Form R; allowing for comparisons between ratings).

60
Q

What is the age range for the NEO PI-R?

A

It is suitable for adults over the age of 17 years

Note: the NEO-PI-3 can be used for adolescents aged 12+

61
Q

What scores does the NEO PI-R result in?

A

It produces five domain scores for each personality factor (Neuroticism, Extaversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness).

It also produces 6 facet scores within each of these personality domains.

62
Q

How long does the NEO PI-R take to administer?

A

Approximately 30-40 minutes individually. The NEO-FFI-3 is a shortened version if time is sensitive or if only domain scores are required.

63
Q

What is the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) used for?

A

The BDI is used as a self-report measure od the severity of depression.

64
Q

What is the structure of the BDI?

A

The BDI contains 21 items, each representing a symptom of depression (e.g. sadness, loss of pleasure). Respondents selct one of four statements for each itme that best represents how they have been feeling over the past fortnight. It takes approximately 5-10 minutes to complete.

65
Q

How is the BDI scored?

A

Each response is rated on a 4-point scale of increasing severity (0-3). Reponses are summed to give a total score (0-63).

66
Q

What are the cut offs for the BDI?

A 
0-13 = minimal
14-19 = mild
20-28 = moderate
29-63 = severe
67
Q

What is the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9) used for?

A

The PHQ-9 is a 9-item depression module of the full Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) Patient Health Questionnaire. The PHQ broadly is a screener and diagnostic tool for mental health disroders e.g. depression, anxiety, alcohol, somatoform, and eating disorders. The 9 items for the PHQ-9 were sourced from the DSM-IV criteria for Major Depression. It can be used to diagnose and monitor the severity of depression, and inform/monitor treatment in primary care settings.

68
Q

What time period does the PHQ-9 assess for?

A

The PHQ-9 asks respondents to report on items for the last 2 weeks how often have they been bothered by any og the following.

69
Q

What is the PHQ-9 structure?

A

The PHQ-9 asks for 4-point responses (0=not at all, 1 = several days, 2 = more than half the days, 3 = nearly everyday) to rate the items over the past 2 weeks:

  • Little interest/pleasure
  • Feeling down/depressed
  • Sleep difficulties
  • Energy
  • Appetite changes
  • Feeling bad about self
  • Concentration
  • Psychomotor agitation/retardation
  • Thougths of self harm/suicide
70
Q

How is the PHQ-9 interpreted?

A

Rhw PHQ-9 derives severity scores for depression ranging from 0-27:

  • Scores 0-4 = minimal depressive symptoms
  • Scores 5-9 = mild depressive symptoms
  • Scores 10-14 = moderate depressive symptoms
  • Scores 15-19 = moderately severe major depression
  • Scores 20+ = severe major depression
71
Q

When is Major Depression diagnosed via the PHQ-9?

A

Major Depression is diagnosed using the PHQ-9 if at least 5 of the 9 systems have been present on “at least more than half the days” i.e. a score of 2 or 3 on at least 5 items. One of these items must be either item 1 (loss of interest/pleasure) or 2 (feeling down/depressed)

72
Q

What is the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) used for?

A

The GAF is used to measure a person’s overall psychosociall functioning and forms Axiz V of the DSM-IV-TR. The GAF summarises three function domains:

  1. Psychological symptom severity
  2. Social functioining
  3. Occupational impairment

It rates current functioning due to mental health with self-care and danger to self/others informing scoring also.

73
Q

Why is the GAF not recommended?

A

The GAF is not included in the DSM-5 (which also no longer uses multiaxial structure).

The WHODAS is recommended instead.

APA recommends the use of standarised scales and risk assessments not single-score rating for the domains covered by the GAF.

74
Q

What is the age range for the GAF?

A

School aged children and adults can complete the GAF. A Children’s GAF is also available.

75
Q

How is the GAF scored?

A

The GAF is composed of ten 10-point intervals, each with descriptive anchors, and are combined to result in a GAF score of 1-100. For each interval, raters check against each descriptor to best match either the symptom severity or functioning level (whichever is worse).

76
Q

What is the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) used for?

A

The STAI provides a measure of two related anxiety constructs:

  • Trait Anxiety = individual differences in the disposition to respond anxiously across life situations
  • State Anxiety = measures fluctuating anxiety based on immediate, threatening stimuli or temporary conditions
77
Q

What is the age range for the STAI?

A

It is used to measure anxiety in adults, provided they have a sixth-grade reading level.

78
Q

How is the STAI structured?

A

The STAI is composed of two 20-item self-report scales:

  • The State scale asks individuals to report how they feel “right now… at this moment”
  • The Trait scale asks individuals how they “generally” feel

Responses on both are 4-point scales rating intensity of feelings:

  • State scale: 1 = not at all up to 4 = very much so.
  • Trait scale: 1 = almost never up to 4 = almost always
79
Q

What is the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) used for?

A

The ORS is a brief measure of client functioning irrespective of any particular type of treatment model being applied by the practitioner, and in line with evidence-based practice to include eliciting feedback on clients’ progress in treatment.

80
Q

What is the age range for the ORS?

A

The ORS can be used to measure wellbeing and therapy outcomes in adolescents and adults, 13 years +

81
Q

How is the ORS administered?

A

At the commencement of the session, clients place a mark on each of the four domain 10cm lines from low to high:

  1. Individual wellbeing
  2. Interpersonal wellbeing
  3. Social wellbeing
  4. Overall wellbeing
82
Q

How is the ORS scored?

A

As a 10cm line is used, scores are quantified as a score out of 10. Higher scores indicate higher levels of functioning on each domain and overall on combined domains. Practitioners use this information to obtain feedback on client progress and guide decision-making collaboratively with the client on future treatment.

83
Q

What is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) used for?

A

The MMPI-2 is a standardised self-report measure that broadly assesses dimensions of psychopathology and is often used in clinical personality assessment e.g. in psychiatric settings.

84
Q

How is the MMPI-2 structured?

A

The MMPI-2 consists of:

  • 9 validity scales
  • 10 clinical scales
  • 15 content scales
  • 9 restructured clinical
  • 20 supplementary

It has a total of 567 items rquiring true/false responses

85
Q

What are the central clincial scales in the MMPI-2?

A
  • Hypochondriasis
  • Depression
  • Hysteria
  • Psychopathic Deviate
  • Masculinity-Feminity
  • Paranoia
  • Psychasthenia
  • Schizophrenia
  • Hypomania
  • Social introversion

Note: for each clinical scale there are content subscales, content scales, component scales or a combination

86
Q

What is the age range for the MMPI-2?

A

The MMPI-2 is appropriate for 18 years +. The MMPI-A is available for use with adolescents aged 14-18 years.

87
Q

How long is test administration for the MMPI-2?

A

MMPI-2 takes about 60-90 minutes, and can be online or on paper. It can also be administered auditorily for those with reading or visual impairments.

88
Q

What is the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) and teacher/youth repors used for?

A

The ASEBA is a group of assessment tools that include parent, self and teacher reports of adaptive and maladaptive functioning in children/adolescents aged 6-18 years.

The CBCL is widely used to assess emotional and behavioural funcitoning in children. The CBCL is a parent-rating scale, while the Teacher’s Repor Form (TRF) and Youth Self-Report (YSR - adolescents only) provide teacher and self-repors. Multiple reports provides comprehensive assessment.

89
Q

What age can the YSR be used for?

A

The YSR is a self-report measure for adolescents aged 11-18 years.

The CBCL is designed for use by parents of children aged 6-18 years.

90
Q

How are the CBCL, TRF and YSR scored/interpreted?

A

Tests are normed by age and gender, and scores get categorised into normal, borderline, and clinical ranges.

Scores are calculated for empiraclly based syndrome scales and DSM-oriented scales.

Both internalising (anxious/depressed, withdrawn/depressed, somatic omplaints) and externalising (rule-breaking behaviour, aggressive behaviour) are assessed.

Social, thought and attention problems are also assessed.

Competency and adaptive functioning are also assessed.

91
Q

What is the WHO-DAS used for?

A

The WHO-DAS is a generic assessment instrument for health and disability. It can be used in clinical and general population settings, across all diseases.

92
Q

What are the 6 domains assessed via the WHO-DAS?

A
  1. Cognition = understanding and communicating
  2. Mobility = moving and getting around
  3. Self-care = hygiene, dressing, eating and staying alone
  4. Getting along = interacting with other people
  5. Life activities = domestic responsibilities, leisure, work, and school
  6. Participation = joining in community activities
93
Q

What is the WHO-QOL used for?

A

The WHO-QOL is used to measure quality of life (an individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and values systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns).

QOL is a broad concept affect by the person’s physical health, psychological state, personal beliefs, social relationships, and their relationship to salient features of their environment.

94
Q

How are the WHO-QOL scored?

A

The WHO-QOL-100 produces scores relating to particular factors of QOL (positive feelings, social support, financial resources), scores relating to larger domains (physical, psychological, social relationships) and a score relating to overall QOL and general health.

The WHO-QOL-BREF produces domain scores but not individual facet scores.

95
Q

What is the structure of the WHOQOL?

A

The WHO-QOL-100 measures 6 domains and 24 individual facets, and each facet contains four items for the facet and four general items for subjective overall QOL (total of 100 items, all rated on a 5-point scale):
Domain 1: Physical Health = energy/fatigue, pain/discomfort, sleep/rest
Domain 2: Psychological = bodily image/appearance, negative feelings, positive feeligns, self-esteem, thinking/learning/memory and concentration
Domain 3: Level of Independence = mobility, ADLs, dependence on medicinal substances/medical aids, work capacity
Domain 4: Social Relations = personal relationship, social support, sexual activity
Domain 5: Environment = financial resources, freedom/physical safety/security, health/social care-accessibility and quality, home environment, opportunities for acquiring new information and skills, participation in and opportunities for recreation/leisure, physical environment - pollution/noise/traffic/climate, transport
Domain 6: Spirituality/Religion/Personal Beliefs = single facet
General: Overall QOL and General Health

96
Q

What is the Sctructured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID-5) used for?

A

The SCID-5 is a semistructured interview guide for making DSM-5 diagnoses. It is used to ensure:

  • The major DSM-5 diagnoses are systematically evaluated
  • To select a study population who all meet the symptom criterias for a disorder
  • To characterise a study population in terms of current and previous psychiatric diagnoses
  • To improve interviewing skills of students in mental health professions

National Psychology Exam (12 decks)

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