Additional Info & Previous Decks Flashcards
ossia
or
energetic
energico
un
one
douce
sweet
hold back
en retenant
Terms used for string instruments, to use the bow after a passage of pizzicato
Arco
either a little faster or slower than Andante
andantino
lacrimoso
sad
delicato
delicate
poco rit.
slowing down gradually a little
expression (German)
Ausdruck
in the style of a lament
piangevole
Whole rest fills ____ of the measure for 4/2
half
Terms used for string instruments, to use the wood of the bow to bow the strings
col legno
and (German)
und
staccato (stacc.)
short, detached
demisemiquaver
thirty-second note
broad, expansive (German)
breit
with rich tone
sonoro
long
lunga
hurry (french)
presser
tristamente
sad, sorrowful
Becoming gradually faster
accelerando (accel.)
quaver
Another name for eighth note
marc.
marcato, accented
at the same speed
l’istesso tempo
Imperfect Cadence
(any chord) - V
teneramente
tenderly, tenderness
amore
love
mezzo piano
moderately soft
very much
molto
very soft
pp (pianissimo)
crotchet
Another name for quarter note
tempo quisto
in strict time
twice as fast
doppio movimento
animé
animated, lively
en dehors
prominent - a direction to bring out the melody
retenu
held back (en retenant - hold back)
peu
little
to, too (German)
zu
come sopra
as above
more (french)
plus
rallentando
getting gradually slower
with an added octave
coll’ ottava
smoothly
legato
plus
more
with (German)
mit
force
forza
ff
fortissimo, very loud
in a military style
marziale
majestic
maestoso
reinforcing
rinforzando, rf, rfz
marziale
in a military style
f
forte, loud
Terms used for string instruments, with the mute/mutes
con sordino / con sordini
piano
soft
quasi
as if, resembling
lent
slow
grazioso
gracefully
brio
vigour
Anacrusis
a note or group of notes in the first incomplete measure in the beginning of the music
sad (french)
lacrimoso
molto
very much
A whole rest fills the entire measure with silence except ?
4/2
at a moderate speed (German)
mässig
wieder
again
moderato
moderately
again (German)
wieder
but (German)
aber
pochettino
rather little
giocoso
gay, merry
bassoon - type of clef
Bass clef, sometimes tenor clef
con sordino
Terms used for string instruments, with the mute/mutes
fine
the end
sans
without
come
as, similar to (come prima - as before, come sopra - as above)
Perfect Cadence
V - I
moins
less
second time
seconda volta
nothing
niente
bewegt
with movement, agitated
cantando
singing
sforzando (sf, sfz)
forced, accented
mano destra
Terms used for piano right hand
primo
first
presser
hurry (enpressant - hurrying on)
comodo
convenient
but not too much
ma non troppo
2/2 or 4/2 time, sometimes expressed by ‘C’ with a vertical line through it.
alla breve
mano sinistra
Terms used for piano left hand
light, nimble
leggiero
as, similar to
come
rit.
ritenuto, hold back
riten.
ritenuto, hold back
semibreve
Another name for whole note
lively (German)
lebhaft
loud
f (forte)
non
not
less
meno
Süss
sweet
larghetto
rather slow but not as slow as largo
col
with
une
one
zart
tender, delicate
one (french)
un, une
semplice
simple, plain
lebhaft
lively
at a moderate speed (french)
modéré
Plagal Cadence
IV - I
eighth note
quaver
thirty-second note
demisemiquaver
mit
with
agitato
agitated
in an undertone
sotto voce
forced, accented
sf, sfz (sforzando or sforzato)
Terms used for string instruments, pluck the string with a finger
Pizzicato (pizz.)
einfach
simple
well marked
ben marcato
second
seconda, secondo
the end
fine
con sordini
Terms used for string instruments, with the mute/mutes
rather little
pochettino
with
con, col
mano
Terms used for pianohand
lusingando
coaxing
tosto
swift, rapid
flute - type of clef
treble clef
moderately loud
mf (mezzo forte)
swift, rapid
tosto
coll’ ottava
with an added octave
and (french)
et
Ausdruck
expression
without (french)
sans
Terms used for piano, right hand
mano destra (m.d.)
etwas
somewhat, rather
very loud
ff (fortissimo)
delicate
delicato
agitated
agitato
hold back
ritenuto (riten. or rit.)
Name 4 instruments that belong to the percussion orchestral families.
timpani (kettle drums), side drum, bass drum, cymbals (only timpani produce notes of definite pitch)
estinto
as soft as possible, lifeless
sotto voce
in an undertone
stringendo
getting gradually faster
calm
tranquillo
first
prima, primo
with passion
appassionato
very (German)
sehr
mesto
sad
ma non troppo
but not too much
ma
but
timpani - type of clef
Bass clef
tuba - type of clef
Bass clef
first time
prima volta
with (french)
avec
sehr
very
cédez
relax the speed
volante
flying, very swift
maestoso
majestic
long pause
lunga pausa
adgietto
rather slow but faster than adagio
mezzo
half
mf
mezzo forte, moderately loud
dying away (french)
perdendosi
grave
very slow
allegretto
slightly slower than allegro
accented
marcato, marc.
ritard.
ritardando, getting gradually slower
slow
adagio
cello - type of clef
Bass clef, sometimes treble or tenor clef
viola - type of clef
Alto clef, sometimes treble clef
repeat from the sign
dal segno
gay, merry
giocoso
gracefully
grazioso
segue
go straight on
Pizzicato
Terms used for string instruments, pluck the string with a finger
Name 4 instruments that belong to the string orchestral families.
violin, viola, cello, double bass
repeat from the beginning
da capo
with determination
deciso
convenient
comodo
andante
at a moderate speed
tanto
so much
tre corde
Terms used for pianorelease the left pedal
m.d.
mano destra, Terms used for piano right hand
sopra
above
una corda
Terms used for pianopress the left pedal
suddenly
subito
always
sempre
incalzando
getting quicker
Grace note
crushed note, Acciaccatura
crescendo
getting gradually louder
pp
pianissimo, very soft
quick
allegro
ruhig
peaceful
violin - type of clef
treble clef
less (french)
moins
heavy
pesante
In time
a tempo
forza
force
slightly slower than allegro
allegretto
semiquaver
sixteenth note
zu
to, too
animated, lively (french)
animé
espr
expressive
scherzoso
playful, joking
love
amore
tempo
speed, time
Name 2 instruments with written pitch in Eb.
Cornet and Clarinet
rinforzando, rf, rfz
reinforcing
Terms used for piano hand
mano
cheerful, joyful (German)
fröhlich
cresc.
crescendo, getting gradually louder
prima
first
in the same way
simile (sim.)
soul, spirit
anima
dim.
diminuendo, getting gradually softer
presto
very fast
Vertical wave down the staff
Arppegiate the chord
rather slow but faster than adagio
adgietto
not (German)
nicht
amabile
pleasant
Each voice has a stave of its own
open score
bold, strong
risoluto
tres
very
voll
full
slow, stately
largo
grief
dolore
pleasant
amabile
facile
easy
quick (french)
vite
risoluto
bold, strong
Different voices share a stave
short score
and
e, ed
easy
facile
half note
minim
simple, plain
semplice
vif
lively
in strict time
tempo quisto
Sul ponticello
Terms used for string instrumentsto bow near the bridge of the instruments
lively (french)
vif
dolce
sweetly
enpressant
hurrying on
sad
mesto
horn - type of clef
treble clef, sometimes bass clef
moderately soft
mp (mezzon piano)
vite
quick
peaceful (German)
ruhig
swift
veloce
energico
energetic
noble
nobilmente
rather slow but not as slow as largo
larghetto
Crushed note
Grace note, Acciaccatura
tranquillo
calm
mosso, moto
movement
hurrying
affrettando
quarter note
crotchet
piano e dolce
soft and sweet
a note or group of notes in the first incomplete measure in the beginning of the music
Anacrusis
nobilmente
noble
triste
sad, sorrowful
very (french)
tres
langsam
slow
schnell
fast
very fast
presto
appassionato
with passion
always (German)
immer
morendo
dying away
sustained
sostenuto
loud then immediately soft
fp (fortepiano)
getting gradually softer
decrescendo (decresc.) or diminuendo (dim.)
getting quicker
incalzando
sf
sforzando or sforzato, forced, accented
accel.
accelerando, Becoming gradually faster
marcato, marc.
accented
coaxing
lusingando
sweetly
dolce
seconda
second
immer
always
little (German)
wenig
largo
slow, stately
stacc.
staccato, short, detached
forte
loud
accelerando
Becoming gradually faster
sostenuto
sustained
Sul G
Terms used for string instrumentsto play the notes on the G string.
pleasing, pleasant
piacevole
short, detached
staccato (stacc.)
with some freedom of time
rubato, tempo rubato
anima
soul, spirit
veloce
swift
Name 4 instruments that belong to the woodwind orchestral families.
flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon
vigour
brio
relax the speed (french)
cédez
traurig
sad
dying away
morendo
simple (German)
einfach
espress
expressive
ad libitum, ad lib
at the performer’s pleasure
fp
fortepiano, loud then immediately soft
adagio
slow
whole note
semibreve
meno
less
fortissimo
very loud
subito
suddenly
ohne
without
calando
getting gradually softer and slower
non
not
mais
but
below
sotto
Name 2 instruments with written pitch in Bb.
Clarinet and Trumpet
vivo
lively, quick
perdendosi
dying away
trumpet - type of clef
treble clef
Name 4 instruments that belong to the brass orchestral families.
horn, trumpet, trombone, tuba
con
with
as before
come prima
tenuto
held
Appoggiatura
Leading note
go straight on to the next section of the music
attacca
double bass - type of clef
Bass clef
a little
poco
tenderly, tenderness
teneramente, tenerezza
doppio movimento
twice as fast
pianissimo
very soft
little (french)
peu
rubato, tempo rubato
with some freedom of time
a
at, to, by, for, in, in the style of
sixteenth note
semiquaver
voce
voice
diminuendo
getting gradually softer
animato
animated, lively
playful, joking
scherzando, scherzoso
nicht
not
getting gradually softer and slower
calando
speed, time
tempo
slow down (french)
ralentir
smorzando
dying away in tone and speed
in a singing style
cantabile
so much
tanto
a, one (German)
ein
sim.
simile, in the same way
Terms used for piano left hand
mano sinistra (m.s.)
Maelzel’s metronome
M.M.
Whole rest fills the entire measure with silence except for ?
4/2
getting gradually slower
rallentando (rall.) or ritardando (ritard.)
Leading note
Appoggiatura
lento
slowly
e
and
ritardando
getting gradually slower
very slow
grave
getting gradually faster
stringendo
dolente
sad, mournful
Terms used for string instruments, to play the notes on the G string.
Sul G
breit
broad, expansive
soft and sweet
piano e dolce
mezzo forte
moderately loud
M.M.
Maelzel’s metronome
rhythmically
ritmico
prima volta
first time
sad (German)
traurig
time
volta
sweet (french)
douce
alla breve
2/2 or 4/2 time, sometimes expressed by ‘C’ with a vertical line through it.
allegro
quick
ed
and
rf
rinforzando, reinforcing
not (french)
non
scherzando
playful, joking
smorz
dying away in tone and speed
ben marcato
well marked
leggiero
light, nimble
sempre
always
exact
giusto
Terms used for piano, press the left pedal
una corda
somewhat, rather (German)
etwas
m.s.
mano sinistra, Terms used for piano left hand
misura
measure (senza misura - in free time)
minim
Another name for half note
lunga pausa
long pause
come prima
as before
da capo
repeat from the beginning
expressive
espressivo, espress or espr
tender, delicate (German)
zart
cantabile
in a singing style
pizz.
Pizzicato, Terms used for string instruments, pluck the string with a finger
clarinet - type of clef
treble clef
en retenant
hold back
sorrowful
doloroso
lunga
long (lunga pausa - long pause)
slow (German)
langsam
mässig
at a moderate speed
SATB
Soprano, Alto, Tenor & Bass
légèrement
light
avec
with
sixty-fourth note
hemidemisemiquaver
without
senza
very
assai
in the manner or style of
al, alla
allargando
getting a little slower and may be a little louder
vivace
lively, quick
seconda volta
second time
andantino
either a little faster or slower than Andante
well
ben
piu
more
more
piu
ritenuto (riten. or rit.)
hold back
modéré
at a moderate speed
in free time
senza misura
loco
at the normal pitch (used to cancel 8ve direction)
singing
cantando
hurrying on
enpressant
simile (sim.)
in the same way
ritmico
rhythmically
und
and
espressivo
expressive
animated, lively
animato
ben
well
Acciaccatura
Grace note, crushed note
poco
a little
at, to, by, for, in, in the style of
a
tenerezza
tenderly, tenderness
affettuso
affectionately
fortepiano
loud then immediately soft
sotto
below (sotto voce - in an undertone)
possible
possibile
fröhlich
cheerful, joyful
Terms used for string instruments, to bow near the bridge of the instruments
Sul ponticello
wenig
little
but
ma, mais (french)
voice
voce
sonoro
with rich tone
fast (German)
schnell
lively, quick
vivace, vivo
hemidemisemiquaver
sixty-fourth note
at the performer’s pleasure
ad libitum, ad lib
fuoco
fire
volta
time (prima volta - first time; seconda volta- - second time)
dolore
grief (doloroso - sorrowful)
half
mezzo
dal segno
repeat from the sign
mp
mezzo piano, moderately soft
possibile
possible
rall.
rallentando, getting gradually slower
fire
fuoco
ralentir
slow down
Arco
Terms used for string instrumentsto use the bow after a passage of pizzicato
movement
mosso, moto
enough (french)
assez
assez
enough
niente
nothing
assai
very
broadly
largamente
full (German)
voll
go straight on
segue
at a moderate speed
andante
ad lib
ad libitum, at the performer’s pleasure
at the normal pitch (used to cancel 8ve direction)
loco
col legno
Terms used for string instrumentsto use the wood of the bow to bow the strings
without (German)
ohne
sad, mournful
dolente
or
ossia
piacevole
pleasing, pleasant
a tempo
In time
secondo
second
prominent - a direction to bring out the melody (french)
en dehors
affrettando
hurrying
doloroso
sorrowful
getting a little slower and may be a little louder
allargando
ein
a, one
piangevole
in the style of a lament
Terms used for piano, release the left pedal
tre corde
measure
misura
affectionately
affettuso
decresc.
decrescendo, getting gradually softer
the same
l’istesso
trombone - type of clef
Bass clef, sometimes tenor clef
p
piano, soft
with movement, agitated (German)
bewegt
decrescendo
getting gradually softer
al, alla
in the manner or style of
pesante
heavy
troppo
too much
sad, sorrowful
triste, tristamente
senza misura
in free time
à
to, at
oboe - type of clef
treble clef
legato
smoothly
above
sopra
flying, very swift
volante
dying away in tone and speed
smorzando, smorz
Compound intervals
intervals of more than one octave
deciso
with determination
held
tenuto
soft
p (piano)
as above
come sopra
held back (french)
retenu
as if, resembling
quasi
slowly
lento
rfz
rinforzando, reinforcing
giusto
exact (tempo quisto - in strict time)
largamente
broadly
l’istesso tempo
at the same speed
slowing down gradually a little
poco rit.
to, at (french)
à
senza
without
sforzato
forced, accented
moderately
moderato
slow (french)
lent
sfz
sforzando or sforzato, forced, accented
too much
troppo
l’istesso
the same (l’istesso tempo - at the same speed
attacca
go straight on to the next section of the music
et
and
not
non
sweet (German)
Süss
as soft as possible, lifeless
estinto
getting gradually louder
crescendo (cresc.)
aber
but
light (french)
légèrement
2/2 or 2/4
Simple Duple Time
3/4, 3/2, 3/8
Simple Triple Time
4/4, 4/2
Simple Quadruple Time
6/8
Compound Duple Time
9/8
Compound Triple Time
12/8
Compound Quadruple Time
