Additional Helpful Info Flashcards
Extra rules for plurals, conjugation, etc.
Rules for plural endings of nouns ending in:
-s, -x, -z
No change to ending of word
Rules for plural endings of nouns ending in:
-eau, -ieu
Ending becomes -eaux, -ieux
Rules for plural endings of nouns ending in:
-al, -ail
Ending becomes -aux
Guidelines for
Gender of Masculine Nouns
(there are exceptions!)
Words ending in:
-eau, -isme, -ment, -eur
Nouns borrowed from other languages
Names of languages
Final t, n, d, and s, are silent in the masculine form.
Guidelines for
Gender of Feminine Nouns
(there are exceptions!)
Words ending in:
-ence, -tion, -sion, -ie, -ure, -ette, -té
Final t, n, d, and s when followed by -e are pronounced in the feminine form.
Adverbs that typically come right after the verb:
toujours (always)
souvent (often)
quelquefois (sometimes)
rarement (rarely)
Adverbs that usually come before the verb:
en général (in general)
maintenant (now)
c’est / ce sont
Followed by:
* noun, including modified nouns
(ex. C’est un grande homme.)
* proper noun
(ex. C’est Pierre.)
*disjunctive pronoun
(ex. Allô Sophie? C’est moi.)
*an infinitive as subject
(ex. Vivre, c’est parler français.)
*adjective for non-specific referents
(ex. C’est magnifique!)
il / elle est
or
ils / elles sont
Followed by:
*adjective alone
(ex. Il est intelligent.)
*nationality, occupation, religion
(used as adjectives in French)
(ex. Elle est étudiante.)
Rules for masculine and feminine adjectives:
- if / - ive
- é / - ée
- consonant / - e
- e / (no change)
- eux / - euse
- oux / - ouse
- vowel / e
- eur / - rice
- en / -enne
** à with la / le / les**
à + le = au
à + les = aux
à + la = à la
à + l’ = à l’
de with la / le / les
de + le = du
de + les = des
de + la = de la
de + l’ = de l’
Adjectives that always precede the noun:
autre (other)
chaque (each, every)
dernier / dernière (last)
grand / grande (big, tall; great)
jeune (young)
joli / jolie (pretty)
petit / petite (small, little)
premier / première (first)
Adjectives that usually precede the noun:
ancien / ancienne (old; former)
beau / belle (beautiful, handsome)
bon / bonne (good)
cher / chère (dear; expensive)
faux / fausse (false)
gentil / gentille (nice, kind)
gros / grosse (large; fat; thick)
long / longue (long)
mauvais / mauvaise (bad)
pauvre (poor, unfortunate)
vieux / vieil / vielle (old)
vrai / vraie (true)
Possessive adjectives:
(masculine / feminine / plural)
my: mon / ma / mes
your (inf.): ton / ta / tes
his / her / its / ones: son / sa / ses
our: notre / notre / nos
your (formal & plural): votre / votre / vos
their: leur / leur / leurs
mon / ton / son are used before feminine nouns beginning with a vowel or silent h
