ADDITIONAL FLASHCARDS

Question 1

What nerve provides innervation to the periodontium and what type of innervation is this?

Answer 1

THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE
Provides SENSORY and AUTONOMIC innervation through the periosteum

Question 2

what 3 things make up the periodontium?

Answer 2

bone
gingivae
the PDL

Question 3

How are teeth attached to bone?

Answer 3

sharpeys fibres in the PDL

Question 4

what gingival tissues do we have in the periodontium?

Answer 4

Attached and free gingiva
Alveolar mucosa

Question 5

how can we calculate LOA?

Answer 5

Gingival margin plus the CEJ

Question 6

what is the ROOT morphology of secondary teeth?

Answer 6

UPPER 6, 7, 8 - mesiobuccal, distobuccal, palatal
UPPER =4 - buccal, palatal 5 HAS A SINGLE ROOT

LOWER6, 7, 8 - all mesial / distal roots

Question 7

Describe what a risk factor is in perio

Answer 7

A risk factor can INFLUENCE susceptibility to disease!

Question 8

What group of cells regulate healing within the periodontium?

Answer 8

CYTOKINES - group of proteins that regulate healing!

Question 9

what are some of the causes of recession? (5)

Answer 9

• chronic minor trauma
• mild chronic inflammation
• frenum pulls
• ortho treatment
• excessive perio scalings

Question 10

What are the 2 terms that are associated with recession?

Answer 10

FENESTRATION
DEHINSENCE

Question 11

What is the best treatment for a furcation?

Answer 11

OHI - make the patient aware so they can clean this area daily

Question 12

What is the definition of prognosis?

Answer 12

this is a prediction of the way the tissues are likely to respond to treatment?

it allows the clinician to establish what treatment is feasible (worthwhile) and justified in an attempt to achieve long term perio stability

Question 13

What are some GENERAL PROGNOSTIC factors that can relate to the prognosis of a tooth ?

Answer 13

• systemic health and immune status of patients ie medication causing gingival overgrowth as an example
• hereditary factors ie the role of genetics
• aetiology - the more sites/teeth involved, the more guarded the prognosis
• age of patient related to LOA
• Smoking status will reduce prognosis
• attitude and cooperation of patient (MOST IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER THIS INITIALLY)

Question 14

List some LOCAL prognostic factors relating to a tooth (11)

Answer 14

• plaque present
• pocket depth and location
• distribution and severity of LOA
• presence and severity of furcation
• restorative condition
• endodontic condition
• ACTIVITY of disease
• root length and shape
• tooth position - could be in an awkward place to clean ie stagnaiton area.
• calculus

Question 15

What is important to remember what we are also removing when doing RSD

Answer 15

• to remove ENDOTOXINS!!!!

Question 16

What does it mean if we have more IL-1 present

Answer 16

this is a cytokine and it means that we may be more susceptible to perio disease as we will get a higher inflmmatory response

Question 17

what can immunoglobulins do

Answer 17

NEUTRALISE TOXINS FROM BACTERIA
CAUSE OPSINISATION - MAKES APC FOR DESTRUCTION!!!

Question 18

Why is the JE leaky

Answer 18

LARGE INTRA-CELLULAR SPACES DUE TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

Question 19

What are spirochetes

Answer 19

these are motile from FLAGELLAE, trep denticola - v destructive