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Central Nervous System - The Brain > Additional Brain-related Clinical Correlates > Flashcards

Additional Brain-related Clinical Correlates Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Describe TBI

A
  • Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Often due to high speed motor vehicle accidents or falls
  • damage at site of impact and on opposite side (ricochet effect of brain w/skull)
  • Mild TBI ass. with impact sports: concussion (multiple = cumulative damage)
  • Contusion - brain bruise (bleed)
  • Severe TBI: often associated with bleeding intu dural spaces or overall cerebral edema
    • Subdural hematoma (SDH)
    • Subarachnoid hematoma (SAH)
    • Swelling must be relieved; craniotomy with intracranial pressure monitoring (IVC)
    • Can also be due to shearing effects with evidence of a bleed
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2
Q

What is SDH?

A

Subdural Hematoma

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3
Q

What is SAH?

A

Subarachnoid hematoma

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4
Q

What is IVC?

A

Intracranial pressure monitoring

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5
Q

Describe a Cerebrovascular Accident

A

A Cerebrovascular Accident is a stroke

Occurs when blood circulation to the brain is blocked and brain tissue dies due to lack of oxygen (known as ischemia)

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of a Cerebrovascular Accident?

A

blockage of a cerebral artery (blood clot)

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7
Q

What is TPA?

A

Tissue plasminogen activator

(key emergency treatment for ischemic stroke)

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8
Q

What is ischemia?

A

When blood circulation to the brain is blocked and brain tissue dies due to lack of oxygen

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9
Q

Explain how TPA should be administered

A
  • Tissue plasminogen activator should be administrered IV within 4.5 hours to effectively dissolve clot
  • Can be administered via femoral catheter directly to clot site in brain
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10
Q

What is CVA?

A

Cerebrovascular Accident

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11
Q

What are other causes of CVA or Cerebrovascular Accident?

A

Aneurysm (rupture)

or

Brain compression by hemorrage or edema

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12
Q

What are the resultant impairments from CVA or Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)?

A

highly variable and related to the regions damaged by the lost blood supply

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13
Q

What is TIA?

A

Transient ischemic attack

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14
Q

Describe TIA

A
  • temporary episode of reversible cerebral ischemia
  • usually caused by cerebral vasospasm (constriction of blood vessels)
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15
Q

Describe Alzheimer’s disease

A
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Central Nervous System - The Brain (10 decks)

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