Additional Flashcards
(Similarity) What are the experiments that Rips has done
The degree of variability and the bird-insect experiment
the kids and spleen experiment was done by Susan Carey
(categorisation) how does the exemplar model predict and explain PEE
highly predict
explanation
since the prototype should be highly similar to the other category items > therefore when categorising the prototype = high similarity to the rest = highest categorisation rate
(categorisation) what are the names of the four categorisation generalisation induction model
typicality of instances (specific > general), conclusion examples, category size, example variability
(Learning) what are the two components that predict the efficiency of learning
learning rate and the reward prediction error
(Learning) what is belief updating in learning (Bayes rule, two components and the key concepts)
bayes rule: update weights quickly based on balancing evidence
holmesian induction: only hypotheses that can explain the data are plausible explanations (explains the indirect screening off)
judicial exoneration: when a hypothesis can explain the data, other hypothses are considered less likely (backwards blocking)
Learning is through balancing the data and the belief
data = the experience in the nature
the stronger the belief = the more data is required to change his belief
(Learning) What are the four blicket experiment
One-cause: 1 go > 2 don’t go > 1+2 go = 1 is blicket
Two-cause: 1 go > 2 don’t go > 2 go = 1+2 are blickets
backward blocking: 1+2 go > 1 go = 1 is the blicket
indirect screening off: 1+2 go (x2) > 2 don’t go = 1+2 are blickets
(Inhibition of return) What is the formula of cueing effect
MRT(invalid) - MRT(valid)
(visual search) what is a set size
the total number of items that have to be searched through for the target
(automaticity) what are consistent and inconsistent mapping
consistent: the target and the distractors are distinct
varied: the target type can appear in the distractor set
(Zoom lens Model) slightly explain what the zoom lens model is
zoom out when detecting where the target is (affected by other stimuli)
zoom in when identifying the direction of the target (not affected)
White et al., proposed narrowing the spotlight and identification of the stimulus happens simultaneously
(Visual neglect) what are the three key terms for neglect
disengage, reorient, and failure to focus
(Balint) definition
inability to focus on one object, and the inability to look at more than one object at a time (simultanagnosia), caused by ataxia
(memory) what does the brown-peterson paradigm tell you?
around 20 secs almost no retrieval is available
(memory) how did underwood interpret the brown-peterson paradigm
there is a huge variance in the data, which was related to the number of trials that the participants had
the first trial = almost showed no forgetting
therefore, concluded that the participants suffered from proactive interference (cannot recall in new conditions because of the interference from previous trials)
(memory) power function supports the proposal of ____
the hybrid theory of consolidation and interference theory
(memory) what does the temporal version of interference theory explain
interference and spacing effect
(false memory) why are flashbulb memories unreliable compared to normal items
flashbulb memories are often recalled, which make the memories vulnerable to interference
but normal items that are mentioned in Diamond’s experiment = not recalled often, therefore not vulnerable to interference+
(language) what is the main flaw of the word frequency theory
there are many potential explanations for the effect
on the top for search > lexical
associated with other > recall
similar > recognition
HF has other variables
length
concreteness
neighbouring size
(language) what words incur lateral inhibition, and what is repeated iteration
all words, but the strength of the inhibition is proportional to their activation
repeated iteration = the multiple lateral inhibition on the letter and word layer > the word and the letters of the word have the strongest activation
(tutorial) what is proactive facilitation
in AB-AC paradigm, if the first association is remembered, the later pair will have a higher recall rate
(tutorial) when to remove recency effect (better recalling the items at the end of the list) during a recall task
inferring a break after the learning
(language) almost no effect of ______ after the _______ is controlled
WF; CV
