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Mental Health final > addiction > Flashcards

addiction Flashcards

1
Q

using meds for different reasons than accepted purpose

A

substance abuse

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2
Q

negative physiologic, physical and psychological reactions; craving for drugs when stopped

A

Withdrawal

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3
Q

need of drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms

A

chemical dependence

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4
Q

drug-seeking behaviors; interference with life, relations, and work

A

addiction

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5
Q

reduction in drug’s effect via persistent use; demands increased dosage

A

tolerance

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6
Q

use of a substance resulting in maladaptive behavior

A

intoxication

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7
Q

process of safely withdrawing from a substance

A

Detoxification

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8
Q

problems associated with addiction tolerance, withdrawal, attempts to stop

A

substance dependence

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9
Q

continues to function without conscious awareness or memory of actions

A

blackout episode

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10
Q

after continued heavy drinking, only small amounts can cause intoxication

A

tolerance break

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11
Q

natural recovery

A

Spontaneous Remission:

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12
Q

What are the psychologic factors of substance abuse?

A

People use alcohol as a coping mechanism or to relieve stress and tension, increase feelings of power & decrease psychologic pain.

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13
Q

What are the social & environmental factors of substance abuse?

A

Influence include cultural, social & availability attitudes, peer behaviors, laws
-Many people view the social use of cannabis, although illegal, as not very harmful.

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14
Q

What are the cultural considerations of substance abuse?

A

Muslims do not drink alcohol
Native American & Alaska Natives, fifth leading case of death(motor vehicle crashes, alcoholism, cirrhosis, suicide & homicide).
Male Russian have high rated of alcohol abuse, suicide, Smoking, accidents, violence, & cardiovascular disease

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15
Q

Cultural considerations of alcohol

A

Muslims: no alcohol
Jewish: wine an integral part of religious rites
Some Native American tribes: peyote (hallucinogen)
Japanese: alcohol not a drug

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16
Q

What are the categories of drugs?

A 
Alcohol
Sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics
Stimulants
Cannabis
Opioids
Hallucinogens
Inhalants
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17
Q

considered legally intoxicated for adults operating automobiles

A

A laboratory blood alcohol concentration(BAC) of 0.08%

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18
Q

Effects of alcohol?

A

CNS depressant: relaxation/loss of inhibition
Effects of excess: Slurred speech, nystagmus, memory loss, vomiting, decrease level of consciousness( stupor or coma, hypotension, respiratory arrest, peripheral collapse, & death

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19
Q

Chronic alcohol dependence can lead to?

A

Direct cardiovascular damage, liver damage (ranging from fatty liver to cirrohosis) erosive gastritis & gastointestinal bleeding, acute pancreatitis , sexual dysfunction.

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20
Q

what is the cycle of alcoholism?

A

1st episode of intoxication—continuing problems with alcohol-first blackout-continued drinking-development of tolerance-tolerance break-continued drinking-functioning becoming affected-periods of abstinence/temporary controlled drinking-escalatin of alcohol intake-more problems-subsequent crises-continuation of cycle

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21
Q

When does withdrawal start to occur?

A

Onset within 4 to 12 hours after cessation or marked reduction of alcohol intake (see Box 19.2); peaking on second day; complete in about 5 days

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22
Q

What are the s/s of withdrawal?

A

abdominal cramping; vomiting; tremors; restlessness & inability to sleep; increase heart rate; transient hallucinations or illusions; anxiety; increase blood pressure, respiratory, respiratory rate & temperature; & tonic- clonic seizures

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23
Q

What are some benzodiazepines for safe withdrawal?

A

Chlordiazepoxide (Librium), Diazepam(Valium) or Lorazepam (Ativan)

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24
Q

What are the complications of alcohol dependence?

A

impaired memory, CVA, metabolic deficiencies, cardiomyopathy, neurologic disorders, fetal alcohol syndrome

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25
Q

Congestion & venous pathway through increased fluid pressure in the venous pathway through the liver. Signs& symptoms-GI bleed, ascites, encephalopathy, decreased platelets

A

portal hypertension

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26
Q

dilated, bulging esophageal veins

A

Esophageal Varices

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27
Q

Alcohol dependence medical management and rehabilitation includes?

A
  • detoxification
  • nutritional therapy
  • psychotherapy
  • drug therapy
  • support groups
28
Q

drug therapy for alcohol dependence includes?

A

aversion therapy—Disulfiram(Antabuse)

29
Q

Help’s the patient

cravings for alcohol& decrease the physical & emotional discomfort that occurs first few months

A

Acamprostate (Campral

30
Q

alone, with oral overdose rarely fatal; lethargy, confusion

A

Benzodiazepines ( i.e. Diazepam)

31
Q

overdose possibly lethal; coma, respiratory arrest, cardiac failure, death; lavage, charcoal and saline cathartic, dialysis

A

Barbiturate(i.e.Pentobarbital)

32
Q

cns depressants effects of intoxication

A

Increased drowsiness & sedation, agitation, slurred speech, uncoordinated motor activity, nystagmus, disorientation, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression

33
Q

cns deprssants withdrawal manifestations?

A

Anxiety, insomnia, diaphoresis, hypertension, possible psychotic reactions, hand tremors, nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, psychomotor agitation, seizure

34
Q

essential in barbiturates to prevent coma or death

A

Detoxification via drug tapering

35
Q

stimulate or excite CNS

A

cns stimulants

36
Q

can cause brain damage due to agricultural fertilizer or substances used to make it

A

Methamphetamine

37
Q

mild effects of cns stimulants

A

dizziness, irritability, tremor, blurred vision

38
Q

severe effects of cns stimulants

A

hallucinations, seizures, extreme fever, tachycardia, hypertension, possible cardiovascular collapse & death

39
Q

examples of cns stimulants

A

amphetamines and cocaine

40
Q

dysphoria, fatigue, vivid and unpleasant dreams, insomnia or hypersomnia, increased appetite, psychomotor retardation or agitation, depressive symptoms, including suicidal ideation for several days

A

Withdrawal syndrome

41
Q

treatment for withdrawal syndrome of cns stimulants?

A

chlorpromazine (Thorazine)-

42
Q

antipsychotic controls hallucinations, lowers Bp and relieves nausea

A

chlorpromazine (Thorazine)-

43
Q

Onset of withdrawal within hours to several days
Dysphoria, fatigue, unpleasant dreams, insomnia, hyperactivity, increased appetite, psychomotor retardation and agitation
Marked withdrawal- crashing; not treated pharmacologically

A

CNS stimulants

Withdrawal and Detoxification

44
Q

Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants: produce extreme pleasure, euphoria, stimulation, increased energy

A

Cocaine and Methamphetamine Dependence

45
Q

powder; dissolved; injected

A

cocaine

46
Q

purified form of cocaine; mixed with tobacco, marijuana; freebased

A

crack

47
Q

combining OTC meds, chemicals; smoked or IV injection

A

Methamphetamines

48
Q

effects of intoxication of Cocaine and Methamphetamine Dependence

A

Mild(dizziness, irritability, tremor, blurred vision :Severe (hallucinations, chest pain, possible cardiovascular collapse & death)

49
Q

complications of long-term abusers of cocaine and methamphetamines

A

Anorexia; memory impairment; weight loss, behavioral changes, paranoia, and hallucinations
HTN, seizures, cerebral hemorrhage, MI, respiratory arrest, cocaine bugs;

50
Q

added risks for methamphetamines include?

A

contracting HIV, hepatitis B

51
Q

Medical Management and Rehabilitation for Cocaine and Methamphetamine Dependence

A

Referral to Cocaine Anonymous; group psychotherapy

Medications: increase, mimic effects of dopamine; antidepressants: relieve dysphoria; amino acid precursors

52
Q

Excessive use and effects of intoxication of marijuana

A

Excessive use possibly leads to delirium or cannabis-induced psychotic disorder
Effects of intoxification: ling cancer, chronic bronchitis, increased appetite, dry mouth, tachycardia

53
Q

defined as an increase in need of opioid dosage to obtain optimum pain relief

A

opioid dependence

54
Q

results in increased consumption of opioids to maintain euphoric and erratic mood

A

opioid addiction

55
Q

What is The Pasero Opioid- Inducted Sedation Scale

A 
S = sleep, easy to arouse; no action necessary
1 = awake and alert; no action necessary
2= occasionally drowsy but easy to arouse; require no action
3 = frequently drowsy and drifts off to sleep during conversation; decrease he opioid dose
4 = somnolent with minimal or no response to stimuli; discontinue the opioid  and consider use of naloxone
56
Q

What is the opiate dependence medical management and rehabilitation?

A

clonidine and methadone

57
Q

Reality Intended affect: Heightened sense of self & altered perceptions(colors being more vivid while under the influence)

A

hallucinogens

58
Q

examples of hallucinogens

A

ecstasy, PCP, LSD, mescaline

59
Q

Intoxication from a soaked rag with the compound, from a paper or plastic bag, or directly from the container
Can cause significant brain damage, peripheral nervous system damage, & liver disease

A

inhalants

60
Q

Patient can suffer from persistent dementia, psychosis, anxiety,

A

inhalants

61
Q

effects of intoxication of nicotine?

A

increased carbon monoxide blood levels; gastric ulcers; peripheral blood vessel constriction ; overstretched, inelastic alveoli

62
Q

What is the pharmacologic therapy for nicotine?

A

Bupropion, Varenicline

63
Q

substance abuse treatment for alcoholics

A

Disulfiram (Antabuse) may help deter drinking; Zofran for young males.

64
Q

reduce cravings and decrease physical and emotional symptoms

A

Acamprosate (Campral)

65
Q

used to treat heroin

A

Methadone , Buprenorphine/ naloxone, Clonidine, or Levomethadyl

Mental Health final (5 decks)

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