Addiction Flashcards
which pathway is reduced in addiction
inhibitory pathway
which pathway is stimulated by addiction
reward pathway
what does stimulated reward pathway result in (chemical)
increased dopamine
over time what happens to the reward pathway in addiction
overstimulation of reward pathway = desensitisation
in terms of addiction what is positive reinforcement
when does this occur
taking a drug = gives a reward
immediately
in terms of addiction what is negative reinforcement
when does it occur
taking a drug prevents a negative consequence (eg a thirst)
after a while of addiction (not immediately)
what is the treatment of addiction (class of drug)
dopamine antagonists
criteria of dependence (6)
strong desire difficulty controlling physiological withdrawal increased tolerance neglect of alternative pleasures persistence despite evidence of harm
which questionnaire is used to assess someones addiction
CAGE
cut-down?
annoyed
guilty
eye opener (do they have it first thing in the morning)
what type of drug is heroin
opiate
what type of drug is methadone
opiate
how do you make diamorphine from morphine
add 2 acetyl rings
pupils in opiate misuse
pin point pupils (constriction)
heart rate, resp rate and bp in opiate misuse
bradycardia
low resp rate
hypotension
via release of which chemical do people experience euphoria from opiates
histamine
