Addiction

Question 1

Anderson and teicher

Answer 1

(stress as a risk factor)
adverse childhood experiences

Question 2

Petry

Answer 2

ADP

Question 3

O’Connell

Answer 3

Peers have 3,
attitudes and norms,
provides opportunities,
overestimates others

Question 4

Kendeer

Answer 4

National Swedish Adoption, those with bio parents who had addictions, there is a higher risk

Question 5

Bahlmann

Answer 5

out of 55 alcoholics, 18 had ADP

Question 6

Madras

Answer 6

positive correlation with parents who smoke weed and children who take drugs

Question 7

Dani and Heinemann

Answer 7

Desensitisation hypothesis

Question 8

McEvoy

Answer 8

schizophrenic participants taking dopamine antagonists are more likely to smoke more

Question 9

Gilbert

Answer 9

withdrawl depends on environment and personalitity

Question 10

rickwood

Answer 10

4 cognitive biases
1-skills and judgement
2-personal traits and ritual behaviour
3-selective recall
4-faulty perceptions(gambler’s fallacy)

Question 11

Michalaczuk

Answer 11

30 gamblers at the National Problem Gambling Clinic, all had higher cognitive biases and were more impulsive

Question 12

McCusker and Gettings

Answer 12

stroop task

Question 13

Boyce

Answer 13

NRTs are all better than placebos, 60% reduce addictive behaviour

Question 14

Koob and Le Moal

Answer 14

explains early stages of addiction

Question 15

Levin

Answer 15

rats would rather go to nicotine tap over normal tap, and increase in licks occurs over time

Question 16

Smith

Answer 16

using aversive shocks for smoking, after 1 year 52% abstained

Question 17

Dickerson

Answer 17

2 betting shops were observed, high frequency betters bet at the last 2 mins to prolong the buzz

Question 18

McMurran

Answer 18

gambler with the snake phobia

Question 19

HaJek and stead

Answer 19

25 studies were reviewed but none had double or single blind placebos(aversives)

Question 20

Fuller

Answer 20

gave one group the aversive every day and the other group a placebo and counselling for a year, no significant differences

Question 21

McConaghy

Answer 21

covert vs aversives
90% vs 30% reduction

Question 22

Cowlishaw

Answer 22

meta analysis of 11 studies, CBT had a medium effect for reducing gambling for 3 months

Question 23

Petry

Answer 23

randomly allocated people to either gamblers anonymous or CBT and GANON, there was significant reductions in CBT group

Question 24

Cuijpers

Answer 24

5x higher drop out rate

Question 25

Hagger

Answer 25

486 people did a questionnaire on alcoholic behaviours, all 3 of the theory of planned behaviour was on it

Question 26

Theory of Planned behaviour

Answer 26

Personal Attributes, Subjective norms and perceived behavioural control

Question 27

Miller and Howell

Answer 27

gambling teen’s intentions were not related to actual gambling behaviour

Question 28

Kraft

Answer 28

six stage model can be shortened to 2 stages