Addiction Flashcards
Anderson and teicher
(stress as a risk factor)
adverse childhood experiences
Petry
ADP
O’Connell
Peers have 3,
attitudes and norms,
provides opportunities,
overestimates others
Kendeer
National Swedish Adoption, those with bio parents who had addictions, there is a higher risk
Bahlmann
out of 55 alcoholics, 18 had ADP
Madras
positive correlation with parents who smoke weed and children who take drugs
Dani and Heinemann
Desensitisation hypothesis
McEvoy
schizophrenic participants taking dopamine antagonists are more likely to smoke more
Gilbert
withdrawl depends on environment and personalitity
rickwood
4 cognitive biases
1-skills and judgement
2-personal traits and ritual behaviour
3-selective recall
4-faulty perceptions(gambler’s fallacy)
Michalaczuk
30 gamblers at the National Problem Gambling Clinic, all had higher cognitive biases and were more impulsive
McCusker and Gettings
stroop task
Boyce
NRTs are all better than placebos, 60% reduce addictive behaviour
Koob and Le Moal
explains early stages of addiction
Levin
rats would rather go to nicotine tap over normal tap, and increase in licks occurs over time
Smith
using aversive shocks for smoking, after 1 year 52% abstained
Dickerson
2 betting shops were observed, high frequency betters bet at the last 2 mins to prolong the buzz
McMurran
gambler with the snake phobia
HaJek and stead
25 studies were reviewed but none had double or single blind placebos(aversives)
Fuller
gave one group the aversive every day and the other group a placebo and counselling for a year, no significant differences
McConaghy
covert vs aversives
90% vs 30% reduction
Cowlishaw
meta analysis of 11 studies, CBT had a medium effect for reducing gambling for 3 months
Petry
randomly allocated people to either gamblers anonymous or CBT and GANON, there was significant reductions in CBT group
Cuijpers
5x higher drop out rate
