addiction Flashcards
What is an addiction
compulsive, excessive, and difficult-to-control substance use or other initially pleasurable behavior that begins to interfere with ordinary life, work health or relationships
compulsive engagement with the
behavior, a preoccupation with it
want to have control over it but cant
addiction is impaired
control over the behavior
( do the behavior even though it causes harm
persistence or relapse despite
evidence of harm and
the high likelihood that a trigger or life event would cause you to be drawn back into the behavior.
relapse is imminent in the process, a profound experience that is hard to walk away from it.
Dissatisfaction, irritability or intense craving when the object-be it a
drug, activity, or other goal is not immediately available
preoccupied with even when not engaging in the behavior again
brings the lived experience
Misconception Addiction originates in the substance
- obtain molecules that mimic chemicals and receptors in our bodies
- not everyone taking opioids will be addicted
Addiction is a human problem that resides in people not
in the drug or in the drug’s capacity to produce physical effects
Misconception #2 Addiction is a choice
SDOH- are not choices?
it is a behavior they are engaging with
experienced trauma and neglect is that thier choice?
Misconception #3 Addiction is a brain disease
far more conductive of the environment and history of you less of biology
fundamental flaw in the studies say it is profoundly genetic
Don’t need to be validated by medical science
it can validate itself
relationship the brain has with the body and the relationship the body has with the environment
Biological aspect of the Bio/Psycho/social/spiritual model of mental health nursing
The limbic system (brain’s reward center): Controls our emotions and behavioral responses to the information we receive.
amygdala is part of it .
neurotransmitters
key for addiction are the ones
core to success and survival
Excitatory and inhibitory NT
E: usually all are excitatory- ensure that the signal crosses and continues the action potential, promotes conduction.
I: they ensure that the signal is not happening, slow everything down
GABA
serotonin chief NT in
digestive health , huge implications of food nourishment
Mechanism to help slow system down is to
raises threshold
need ridiculous amount to create a reward
need more and more to create rewards.
Heroin and opioids similar
route of addiction is
endorphins word
structure to endorphins
probably pain related
shorten word for endogenous morphine body makes morphine high after exercising, boosts euphoria and pain management
Nicotine mimics
acetylcholine which releases large amounts of dopamine glutamate and GABA also involved
Alcohol binds to
receptors for acetylcholine and serotonin
Methamphetamines stops
reabsorption of dopamine an NE
ecstasy influence
oxytocin release, connecting drug, creates immediate connection to baby, necessary for survival
why do people with addiction do what they do
- soothes pain
- gives a sense of control
- peace of mind
- connect to other people
- relax
-what is wrong with wanting all these things
what is the center of all addictive behaviors
a hurt
war on drugs
isolate people, don’t give any options
instead of punishing people, understand what is going on and find out how they can meet the satisfaction
spiritual aspect of the model
the search for meaning and purpose
nursing implications
understand the pain
build trust
focus on ways they can work through the pain through activities that validate who they are and what they can do.
The stages of change model
pre-contemplation
contemplation
determination
action
relapse or maintenance
