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SBM II December > Addiction 101 > Flashcards

Addiction 101 Flashcards

1
Q

What does drug abuse flood the brain with?

A

NT

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2
Q

What does drug abuse interfere with?

A

Normal brain functioning:

-Specifically it causes the brain to change and remember intense feelings of pleasure

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3
Q

How does ASAM define Addiction?

A

Primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry

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4
Q

Who is most likely to get Addiction?

A

There are certain RF, but potential exists for anyone

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5
Q

What is another definition for Addiction?

A

An unhealthy relationship between person and mood-altering substance, experience, event or activity which contributes to life problems and their recurrence.

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6
Q

What is Addiction defined as when used as a common use term?

A

A problematic behavior pattern or problematic experience.

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7
Q

What are the ABCs of addiction?

A 
Inability to ABSTAIN
Impairment in BEHAVIORAL control
CRAVING
DIMINISHED recognition of significant problems
A dysfunctional EMOTIONAL response
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8
Q

What is the Biopscyhosocial Model (BPS)?

A

Complex interactions between biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors

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9
Q

How does the biopscyhosocial model describe the origins of addictive behavior?

A

Complex, variable, and multifactorial

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10
Q

What is a Brain Disease?

A

Addiction

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11
Q

What are the changes that drugs and alcohol make to the brain?

A

The changes can be long lasting.

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12
Q

When someone uses drugs, they allow the drug to _____ the brain that drugs are ________________.

A

“teach”, responsible for pleasure

-With addiction, the brain has changed to a point that normal life cannot give the person pleasure

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13
Q

How long does the brain continue to develop?

A

Into adulthood and it undergoes significant changes during adolescence.

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14
Q

What is the prefrontal cortex responsible for?

A

Problem solving, emotion, complex thought.

-Enables us to assess situations; makes sound decisions: keeps our motions and desires under control

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15
Q

Introducing chemicals while brain is still developing may have. . .

A

. . .profound and long-lasting consequences

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16
Q

What is the initial decision to use?

A

Voluntary

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17
Q

When does addiction become involuntary?

A

When substance abuse takes over, the ability to exert self control can become seriously impaired

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18
Q

What do brain imaging studies of substance abusers show?

A
  • Physical changes in areas of the brain that are critical to judgment, decision making, learning and memory, and behavior control
  • These changes may help explain the compulsive and destructive behaviors of addiction
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19
Q

What does long term alcohol, drug, etc. use cause?

A

Rewiring of brain circuits

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20
Q

How does addiction rewire the brain?

A
  • Trigger adaptation in habit or non-conscious memory systems
  • Conditioning: environmental cues become associated with the use experience & can trigger uncontrollable cravings
  • Learned “reflex” is extremely robust and can emerge after many years of abstinence
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21
Q

What do drugs and alcohol do to the reward system?

A

Drugs and alcohol interact with circuits, pathways and chemicals –> euphoria, reduces negative feelings –> this feels “normal”, cravings

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22
Q

What are natural rewards?

A

Food, sex, water, nurturing

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23
Q

What do all drugs of abuse directly or indirectly flood the brain’s reward circuit with?

A

Dopamine

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24
Q

What is the function of dopamine?

A

Regulation of movement, emotion, cognition, motivation, and feeling of pleasure

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25
Q

What does overstimulation of the reward system cause?

A

Produces euphoria and teaches the repetition of using behavior

26
Q

How much excess dopamine (DA) can be released with drug use?

A

Depending on the drug of abuse, 2-10x the amount of DA can be released vs. natural rewards

27
Q

How does the onset and duration of Dopamine vary with drug abuse?

A

Onset and duration of dopamine can happen immediately or very quickly and last much longer than natural rewards

28
Q

How does the brain adjust to overwhelming surges in DA?

A

By producing less DA and fewer R

29
Q

What does the overwhelming surges of DA cause?

A

The ability to experience any pleasure is reduced –> Now drugs are needed in larger amounts to feel high –> Eventually, this is a baseline or “normal” and no longer produces a high

30
Q

What are addiction risk factors?

A

Genetics, earlier age onset, childhood trauma (violent/sexual), mental illness
–> No single factor determines whether a person becomes addicted

31
Q

What do nearly all addicts believe at the onset of addiction?

A

That they can stop using on their own

32
Q

What happens with most addicts?

A

Most attempt to control, cut-down, or stop their use without treatment

33
Q

What happens when addicts try to quit?

A

Although some people are successful, many attempts result in failure to achieve long-term abstinence

34
Q

Drug abuse is a . . .

A

. . .preventable behavior.

35
Q

Drug addiction is a . . .

A

. . .treatable disease.

36
Q

How is Addiction managed?

A

Similar to other chronic diseases

37
Q

What does addiction treatment usually involve?

A

Changing deeply embedded behaviors.

-Often a combo of medications and behavioral therapies

38
Q

What are Behavioral Therapies for Addiction?

A
  • Engage people in treatment
  • Modify attitudes and behaviors
  • Increase skills to handle cravings & triggers
  • Enhance the effectiveness of medications
  • Help people remain in treatment longer
39
Q

What is the role of medication in treating Addiction?

A
  • Treating withdrawal symptoms
  • Treating cravings so that individuals can focus on counseling and other psychotherapies
  • Preventing relapse
  • Tobacco addiction - nicotine replacement, buproprion, Chantix
  • Opioid addiction - methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone
  • Alcohol and drug addiction - disulfiram, naltrexone, acamprosate
40
Q

What is meant by Addiction treatment not being a “one size fits all” shop?

A

Treatment should be tailored and centered around the needs and wants of the individual client, not a “cookie-cutter” approach

41
Q

What is the idea behind the Stages of Change?

A
  • Trans-theoretical model

- Meeting people “where they are at”

42
Q

What are the Stages of Change?

A 
Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Determination/planning
Action
Relapse
Maintenance
43
Q

What are the two main traits behind Addiction treatment?

A

Pragmatic and Flexible

44
Q

What are four traits of Addiction treatment?

A
  1. Readily available - immediate access to a variety of treatment services
  2. Strength-based - identify and reinforce strengths and resources, successful problem solving patterns, and plans for the future
  3. Holistic - concerned with wholes or the BPS model rather than with the analysis of, treatment of or dissection into parts
  4. Empowering - validate and legitimize client’s concerns and highlight their importance
45
Q

When given a choice, clients often. . .

A

. . .choose the right level of care

46
Q

What does treatment work through?

A

Enhanced motivation, increased insight, learned skills

47
Q

What are the traits of effective Systems of Care?

A
  • Person-centered
  • Family and other ally involvement
  • Individualized and comprehensive services across a lifespan
  • Systems anchored in the community
  • Continuity of care
  • Partnership-consultant relationships
  • Strength based
  • Culturally responsive
  • Responsiveness to personal belief systems
  • Commitment to peer recovery support services
  • Inclusion of the voices and experiences of recovering individuals and their families
  • Integrated services
  • System-wide education and training
  • Ongoing monitoring and outreach
  • Outcomes-driven
  • Research-based
  • Adequately and flexibly enhanced
48
Q

Does relapse mean failure?

A

NO

49
Q

What is not only possible, but likely?

A

RELAPSE

50
Q

What does relapse serve as?

A

A trigger for renewed intervention

51
Q

What are addiction relapse rates? What are they similar to?

A

About 40%. They are similar to other well-characterized chronic medical illnesses like T1DM, HTN, asthma

52
Q

How does trauma relate to addiction?

A

Over 2/3 of people seeking treatment for substance use disorder report one or more traumatic life events.

53
Q

What are the 3 R’s of the Trauma-informed approach?

A

REALIZING the prevalence of trauma.
RECOGNIZING how trauma affect all ind. involved in the program, org., or system, including its own workforce
RESPONDING by putting this knowledge into practice

54
Q

What are the underlying principles behind the Trauma-informed approach?

A
  • Safety
  • Trustworthiness & transparency
  • Collaboration & mutuality
  • Empowerment
  • Voice & choice
  • Peer support and mutual self-help
  • Resilience and strength-based
  • Inclusiveness and shared purpose
  • Cultural, historical and gender issues
  • Change process
55
Q

What do studies show about jail inmates and co-occuring disorders?

A

Almost 3/4 of jail inmates with mental disorders have a co-occuring substance use disorder.

56
Q

What do justice-invovled individuals with co-occuring disorders often have?

A

Complex social and behavioral health needs

57
Q

What is SAMHSA’s Working Definition of Recovery?

A

Recovery from alcohol and drug problems is a process of change through which an individual achieves abstinence and improved health, wellness, and quality of life.

58
Q

What are the guiding principles of recovery?

A
  • Is self-directed and empowering
  • Involves personal recognition of the need for change and transformation
  • Is holistic
  • Has cultural dimensions
  • Exists on a continuum of improved health and wellness
  • Emerges from hope and gratitude
  • Involves a process of healing and self-redefinition
  • Involves addressing discrimination and transcending shame and stigma
  • Is supported by peers and allies
  • Involves (re)joining and (re)building life in the community
  • Is a reality
59
Q

There are many pathways to . . .

A

Recovery!

60
Q

Until lions have their historians. . .

A

. . .tales of hunting will always glorify the hunter.

SBM II December (11 decks)

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