Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pathology > adaptive immunity: T-cells > Flashcards

adaptive immunity: T-cells Flashcards

1
Q

what do T cells do?

A

drive cell-mediated immunity, involving activation of macrophages, NKC’s and antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do B cells do?

A

produce antibodies and drive humoral immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is immunological memory?

A

each pathogen is remembered by a signature T cell and/or B cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

when does the adaptive immune response occur?

A

following the innate immune response, 4-7 days after infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the main receptors in adaptive immunity?

A

T cell receptor, B cell receptor, MHC proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are T cells derived and where do they mature?

A

bone marrow, thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do t cells give rise to?

A

cellular immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how do t cells recognize peptides?

A

through T Cell Receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is thymic education?

A

T cells only respond to foreign pathogens and not self-peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are T helper cells?

A

function to help support other immune cells to fight threats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are cytotoxic t cells?

A

destroy own cells which have become infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are Tregs ?

A

regulate or suppress other cells in immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do t cells start out as?

A

naïve cells and have receptor for very specific proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are CD8 receptors?

A

co-receptor that binds to MHC1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are CD4 receptors?

A

co-receptor that binds to MHC2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are CD3 receptors?

A

co-receptor involved in activation of CD8 & CD4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what chains are t cell receptors usually made of?

A

alpha and beta

18
Q

what chains are a small proportion of t cells made of?

A

gamma and delta

19
Q

describe the constant region

A

doesn’t change

20
Q

describe the variable region

A

helps receptor bind to antigen- structural changes

21
Q

which gene segment encodes both alpha and beta chains?

A

variable

22
Q

what does diversity gene segment encode?

A

beta chain only

23
Q

what does joining gene segment encode?

A

both alpha and beta chains

24
Q

what is somatic recombination?

A

how genes are re-arranged, driven by RAG (recombinase) enzymes, recombination leads to a different receptor

25
Q

what cells do t cells interact with in thymus?

A

cortical epithelial cells

26
Q

what is positive selection?

A

no recognition=apoptosis

27
Q

what is negative selection?

A

recognition of self antigen=apoptosis

28
Q

what is t cell emigration?

A

+ and - selected CD8 & CD4 t cells with rearranged receptors leave thymus and circulate in blood/lymphatics, some reside in lymph nodes, still classed as naïve

29
Q

how are t cells activated by dendritic cells?

A

immature dendritic cells take up and process antigen in the epidermis, then migrate to lymph notes and mature en route, mature dendritic cells have co-stimulatory activity and can prime naïve t cells

30
Q

why does priming require 3 signals?

A

for activation and determining the fate of t cells

31
Q

what does signal 1 do?

A

activation of t cells

32
Q

what does signal 2 do?

A

survival and clonal expansion of t cells

33
Q

what does signal 3 do?

A

differentiation into subsets of effector t cells

34
Q

what does the 3rd signal do in CD8’s?

A

leads to effector function

35
Q

what is signal 1 but no 2?

A

anergy

36
Q

what are the CD4 subsets?

A

Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh, Treg,

37
Q

what do Th1 cells do?

A

support cellular immunity
support macrophage function
source of interferon-gamma

38
Q

what does Th2 do?

A

support humoral responses and allergic reactions, source of interleukin-4,5 and 6 which instruct B cells to produce antibodies

39
Q

what do Th17 cells do?

A

support innate immune response

enhance clearance of extracellular bacteria and fungi, IL-17, IL-22

40
Q

what do Tfh cells do?

A

found in secondary lymphoid organs in B cell zone, work with B cells for antibody production

41
Q

what do Treg cells do?

A 
function in immune suppression
release inhibitory cytokines, inhibit t cell activation and dendritic cell activation
42
Q

what do CD8 cells do?

A

activated from interactions between MHCI and TCR
induce host cells to undergo apoptosis
produce enzyme such as granzyme, perforin-targets apoptotic signalling pathways

pathology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions