Adaptive Immunity: Lymphatics

Question 1

what is adaptive immunity?
five attributes?

Answer 1

-Body’s ability to recognize and defend itself against distinct invaders and their products: Lymphocytes

-Five attributes of adaptive immunity:
–Specificity: There can be only one
–Inducibility: Answer when needed
–Clonality: Strength in numbers
–Unresponsiveness to self: No traitors
–Memory: Bigger and Badder

Question 2

major purposes of the lymphatic system:
transport?
immunity

Answer 2

Transport: Motion of fluid
* Between vessels
* From organs
* From interstitial space to the blood

Immunity:
– Increase success and persistence of humans within their environment and other organisms

Question 3

overview of lymphatics:
includes?

Answer 3

-Includes, vessels, fluid, and nodes (non-secreting glands)
–Lymphatics: Lymphatic vessels convey fluid from the periphery to the veins

–The lymph:
* Fluid seeps out of the blood at the peripheral capillaries.
* Composition ~ plasma without protein

–Lymphatic organs (glands):
* Filtering areas
* Arenas of lymphocyte maturation and competency.

– Lymphocytes: Immune System cells

Question 4

major functions of the lymphatic system:

Answer 4

-Homeostatic: Filtration of Lymph: Absorption of excess tissue and fluid back into bloodstream

-Return of seeped fluid back to CV system

-Lymphocyte: Production and Education

• Immunity: Removing antigens from body, Exposing antigens to immune system

-Processed Lipid transport: Small Intestine Lacteals

Question 5

T cells vs B cells vs NK cells

Answer 5

-T Cells (T-Lymphocytes):
– Cellular immunity - specific for previously-identified pathogens
* T Helper
* T Killer
* T Suppressor
* Memory cells
– Mature in the Thymus

-B Cells (B-Lymphocytes):
– Humoral immunity - plasma cells produce antibodies specific to the antigen or pathogen: Memory cells
– Mature in the Bone Marrow

-NK cells:
– Non-specific, provide immunological surveillance

Question 6

Lymphocytes: T: Cellular

Answer 6

T: Cellular:
* 70–85% of body lymphocytes.
* Plasma membrane contains co-receptors: Recognize a particular antigen
* T-lymphocytes: Each with a particular kind of co-receptor:
-Regulatory: Helper T-lymphocytes (T-Helpers): Stimulate function of T and B cells
-Suppressor T-lymphocytes: inhibit function of T and B cells
-Inflammatory: Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-
Killers): Attack cell

Question 7

lymphocytes: B: Humoral

Answer 7

15–30% of body lymphocytes

-Contain antigen receptors:
-Respond to one particular antigen
–Cause the production of immunoglobulins (Ig), or antibodies: Respond to that particular antigen.
– 5 x Immunoglobulins:
* IgG, IgA, IgD, IgM, and IgE

-Released by the specific B-lymphocytes to immobilize or neutralize specific antigens

Question 8

NK cells:

Answer 8

-large granular lymphocytes
-5-10% of circulating lymphocytes
-Responsible for immunological surveillance
-Attack:
– foreign cells
– virus-infected cells
– cancer cells