Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

adaptive immunity

Answer 1

body recognizes and defends itself against invaders and their products
specificity, inducibility, clonality, unresponsiveness to self, memory

Question 2

antigens

Answer 2

large proteins
structurally complex
haptens
autoantigens: self antigens on own cell surfaces

Question 3

epitope

Answer 3

3D region of recognition on antigen

6-10 aa’s of antibody that is recognized by lymphocyte

Question 4

MHC type 1

Answer 4

autoantigen
intracellular proteins
in nucleated cells
label cells normal or infected with epitope

Question 5

MHC type 2

Answer 5

autoantigen
outside cell proteins
in immune cells

Question 6

function of the lymphatic system

Answer 6

screen tissue for foreign antigens
remove excess nutrients and waste from tissue as lymph
return lymph to circulatory system

Question 7

primary lymphoid organs

Answer 7

produce cells
bone marrow
thymus

Question 8

secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 8

colonize cells
spleen
lymph nodes
lymph nodules- MALT
tonsils

Question 9

B cells

Answer 9

mature in bone marrow
sample of antibodies produced on plasma membrane (B cell Receptor = BCR)
produce specific antibodies when activated

Question 10

antibodies

Answer 10

proteins produced in response to antigen that can bind to antigen
5 classes

Question 11

IgG

Answer 11

most common
longest lasting
key for memory

Question 12

IgM

Answer 12

first produced
5 Y-shaped structures can bind to 10 epitopes
marker of early infection

Question 13

IgA

Answer 13

body secretions

Question 14

IgE

Answer 14

response to parasitic infection and allergies

Question 15

IgD

Answer 15

function not known

Question 16

action of antibodies

Answer 16

agglutination
opsonization
complement fixation
neutralization of toxins and adhesins (eosinophils, round worms)
oxidation
antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Question 17

T cells

Answer 17

mature in thymus
thymus is where auto-immune lymphocytes are destroyed
have TCR on surface, recognize antigen on MHC I or MHC II

Question 18

T cell process

Answer 18

APC engulfs antigen, presents epitope on surface with MHC II, secretes Il-12
helper cells become Th1, secrete Il-2 and gamma interferon
activates cytotoxic cells, proliferate, memory cells produced
cytotoxic cells bind to infected host cells with antigen + MHC I, secrete perforin and granzyme to induce apoptosis

Question 19

types of acquired immunity

Answer 19

active (natural, artificial): long-lived, memory, slow-acting
passive (natural, artificial): short-lived, no memory, fast-acting

Question 20

active immunity

Answer 20

natural: antigen in nature
artificial: vaccine gives antibody

Question 21

passive immunity

Answer 21

natural: IgG through placenta, IgA in breast milk
artificial: antivenom, antitoxin

Question 22

attenuated vaccine

Answer 22

live virus with decreased virulence
don’t produce disease
contact immunity
can cause disease in immunosuppressed

Question 23

inactivated vaccine

Answer 23

whole/subunit
can’t replicate
need boosters throughout life

Question 24

toxoid vaccine

Answer 24

tetanus and diphtheria
response against toxins (not antigens)
many childhood doses and boosters every 10 years