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IMIN 371 > Adaptive Immunity 1 > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What cells are involved in humoral immunity?

A

B cells

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2
Q

What cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity?

A

T cells

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3
Q

B cell antigen

A

A substance that binds an antibody (protein, carb, or DNA)

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4
Q

Epitope

A

Portion of antigen recodnized by an antibody

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5
Q

Polyclonal antisera

A

A collection of different antibodies from serum that recodnize different epitopes of the same Ag

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6
Q

monoclonal antibody (mAb)

A

Antibody derived from a single B cell clone (B cells only have 1 specificity for 1 epitope and they propagate via colonal selection)

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7
Q

Describe the structure of an antibody.

A
  • comrised of 2 identical heavy and light chains that are held together by inter-chain disulphide bonds
  • has variable and constant reigons
  • has 2 Fab domains and 1 Fc domain
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8
Q

How many genes/alleles encode for the antibody and what are they called (if noted)

A
  • 2 light chain genes (kappa and lambda; 4 alleles)
  • 1 heavy chain gene (2 alleles, but 5 isotypes: IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA, and IgD)
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9
Q

Variable reigon

A

Area on the Ab that contains different antibody specificity and binds the antigen (heavy chain: VH; light chain:VL)

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10
Q

Constant regions

A

Area of the Ab that are important for the structure of the Ab and some parts (the C-terminal constant reigons) have effector function

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11
Q

What does each VH/VL and CH/CL form?

A

A conserved structure

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12
Q

What immune proetins have immunoglobulin domains?

A

TCR alpha and beta chains, CD4, CD8, MHC class 1 and 2

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13
Q

Describe the immunoglobulin domain.

A
  • about 110 aa in size
  • each domain consists of 2 beta sheets that form a beta sandwitch/barrel structure which is held togther b a disulfide bond and hydrophobic interactions between the sheets
  • have complementary determining reigons
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14
Q

Complementary determining reigons (CDRs)

A

area in the heavy and light chain that form the antigen binding site and are highly varibale between antibodies of different specificities (there are CDRs in the TCR that also form the antigen binding site)

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15
Q

B cell receptor (BCR)

A

aka, mIg (membrane immunoglobulin) and sIg (surface immunoglobulin)

a modular receptor involved in antigen binding and signalling

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16
Q

What are the signaling subunits in the BCR?

A

Igalpha and Igbeta

17
Q

What is BCR signalling critical for?

A
  • B cell development
  • mature and memory B cell activation
  • survival of mature naive B cells (B cell that has not encountered an antigen)
18
Q

ITAM

A

ask!!!

19
Q

TCR (T cell receptor)

A

modular receptor of the T cell that has antigen binding subunits and signalling subunits

20
Q

Antigen binding subunits of the TCR and their function

A
  • alpha chain (similar to Ab light chain) and beta chain (similar to the Ab heavy chain)
  • they bind specific MHC + peptide combinations (T cell antigen)
21
Q

What MHC do CD4 cells bind? CD8?

A

CD4+: MHC II + peptide
CD8+: MHC I + peptide

22
Q

Signalling subunits of the TCR and their function

A
  • collectively called CD3
  • Subunits possess ITAM motifs
23
Q

What is TCR signalling critical for?

A
  • T cell development
  • Activation of mature/memory T cells
  • T effector cell function
  • Survival of mature and naive T cells
24
Q

What are the functions of Antibodies?

A
  • Neutralization of pathogens and toxins (prevents cell binding)
  • Agglutination of partivulate antigens (prevents cell binding and enhances clearance)
  • Opsinization (increases phagocytosis)
  • Complement activation leading to pathogen lysis
  • ADCC (Antibody-dependent cell mediated cytoxocity) which leads to NK cell induced apoptosis
  • Degranulation of granulocytes (antibodies trigger this)
25
Q

What determines the Ab function of a specific Ab?

A

Their isotype constant (Fc) reigons

26
Q

Ab Isotype

A
  • heavy chain contant reigons (this varies amoung different Ab)
27
Q

How do Ab isotypes differ?

A

with respect to sequence and number of heavy chain Ig Domains (4-5 domains/heavy chain)

28
Q

What are the 5 main isotypes in humans?

A

IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, and IgE

29
Q

Where do you find Ab’s?

A

They can be secreted by B cells or they are expressed on the surface of B cells

30
Q

Which Ab(s) activate the classical complement pathways?

A

IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgM

IgG3 and IgM do this the best

31
Q

Which Ab(s) can cross the placenta?

A

IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4

IgG1 and IgG4 do this the best

32
Q

Which Ab(s) is/are present on the membrane of mature naive B cells?

A

IgM and IgD

33
Q

Which Ab(s) bind to the Fc receptors of phagocytes?

A

IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, IgA2, and IgM

IgG1 and IgG3 do this the best

34
Q

Which Ab(s) are involved with mucosal transport via the poly-Ig receptor?

A

IgA1, IgA2, and IgM

IgA1 and IgA2 do this the best

35
Q

Which Ab(s) induce mast cell and/or basophil degranulation?

A

IgE and IgD

36
Q

Match the Ab isotype with their heavy chain component.

(IgG1-4, IgA1-2, IgM, IgE, and IgD)

A

IgG1- gamma 1
IgG2- gamma 2
IgG3-gamma 3
IgG4- gamma 4
IgA1- alpha 1
IgA2- alpha 2
IgM- mu
IgE- epsilon
IgD- delta

37
Q

Colonal Selection Theory

A

theoretical model to explain how pathogens select specific B cells to secrete Ab and how T cells are selected by Ag

38
Q

What are the 4 postulates for the Colonal Selection Theory?

A
  1. Each B cell expresses on its surface an Ab with one specificity
  2. Ag selects specific B cell for activation
  3. Effector B cells (plasma cells and memory cells) have the same Ag specificity as the original B cell that was selected by Ag
  4. B cells that recodnize self Ag are removed from the repertoire during development

IMIN 371 (12 decks)

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