Adaptations In plants and animals Flashcards
What does environment mean
All the conditions that surround an organism
What does habitat mean
Where an organism lives
What does population mean
All the members of a single species that live in a habitat
What does community mean
All th3 populations of different species that live together in a habitat
What does biotic mean
Living factors of the environment eg food New predators arriving Competition New pathogens
What does abiotic mean
Non living factors of the environment eg temperature Light intensity Moisture level Co2 for plants Wind intensity and direction O2 level for aquatic animals PH in soil and mineral content
What is ecosystem
The interaction of a community of living organisms (biotic) with the non living (abiotic) parts of their environment
What 4 things do animals in same species or different species compete for
1 food
2 water
3 space to breed
4 mates
What are the main factors in a CoImmunity
Competition
Disease
Predators
Migration
What do losers have to do
Move away
Adopt new survival strategy
Compete again
Why are pandas vulnerable
Mainly eat bamboo, don’t eat other producing plants
Risk of other animals eating bamboo
What are best adapted organisms
Herbivores that have a varied diet eg cows, elephants zebras
Carnivores with varied prey
How do prey animals compete
Compete not to get caught
A new herbivore can reduce the food supply eg rabbits in Australia
Nests are in safe place hidden from predators
Animals compete for a mate whether carnivores or herbivores
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What makes a successful ompetitor
Better adapted to find food,mate and avoiding competition
Food - caterpillar eats leaves, greenfly drink vacuole sap, butterfly suck nectar fro. Flowers, beetles feed on pollen
What do plants compete for
Light
Minerals
Water
Space
Examples of competition fro light
Snowdrops anemones and bluebells compete for light but lifecycle takes place before leaves on trees and when leaves are out there is no competition for light
Competition for water?
Grow roots to find water
Extensive branches
Root hairs to increase surface area ratio
Other competition for light for plants
To get as much light as possible by larger leaves or tendrils or suckers to climb
What is necessary for successful reproduction
Avoid competition for its own seedlings for light, space, water mineral ions
What are the 3 types of animal adaptations
Structural eg shape or colour - thick fur, camouflage
Behavioural eg migration to move to better climate for more sun energy, sleeping in cool burrows
Functional related to processes eg reproach metabolism, concentrated urine from kidneys in deserts to reduce water loss
Adaptations in hot dry climates eg deserts (also cold at night)
Little water and extreme temperature problems
So kidneys produce concentrated urine
Extract more water from food
Active in early morning and late evening
Rest in burrows
Large surface area/volume ratios eg large thin ears to transfer out energy through skin
Cold climates
Small surface area/volume ratio easier to reduce heat loss to environment and minimise cooling so many large animals
Small surface areas for ears etc to reduce heat loss
Plenty of blubber under skin
Thick coat
Penguins stand together to share body heat, protect from icy winds
What do plants and animals and Microorganisms always need
Plants = light, carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, mineral ions Animals = food from other organisms, water,oxygen Microorganisms = range of things but some don’t need light or oxygen
Plant adaptations = epiphytes
Found in rainforests
Adaptations allow them to live high above the ground attached to other plants
They collect water and nutrients from air and specially adapted leaves
Plant adaptations for reproduction
The saguaro cactus is one of a small number of plants that rely on bats to pollinate their flowers
Flowers open at night, have strong perfume and produce lots of nectar
