Adaptations In plants and animals

Question 1

What does environment mean

Answer 1

All the conditions that surround an organism

Question 2

What does habitat mean

Answer 2

Where an organism lives

Question 3

What does population mean

Answer 3

All the members of a single species that live in a habitat

Question 4

What does community mean

Answer 4

All th3 populations of different species that live together in a habitat

Question 5

What does biotic mean

Answer 5

Living factors of the environment eg 
food
New predators arriving
Competition 
New pathogens

Question 6

What does abiotic mean

Answer 6

Non living factors of the environment eg 
temperature 
Light intensity 
Moisture level
Co2 for plants
Wind intensity and direction 
O2 level for aquatic animals 
PH in soil and mineral content

Question 7

What is ecosystem

Answer 7

The interaction of a community of living organisms (biotic) with the non living (abiotic) parts of their environment

Question 8

What 4 things do animals in same species or different species compete for

Answer 8

1 food
2 water
3 space to breed
4 mates

Question 9

What are the main factors in a CoImmunity

Answer 9

Competition
Disease
Predators
Migration

Question 10

What do losers have to do

Answer 10

Move away
Adopt new survival strategy
Compete again

Question 11

Why are pandas vulnerable

Answer 11

Mainly eat bamboo, don’t eat other producing plants

Risk of other animals eating bamboo

Question 12

What are best adapted organisms

Answer 12

Herbivores that have a varied diet eg cows, elephants zebras

Carnivores with varied prey

Question 13

How do prey animals compete

Answer 13

Compete not to get caught
A new herbivore can reduce the food supply eg rabbits in Australia
Nests are in safe place hidden from predators

Question 14

Animals compete for a mate whether carnivores or herbivores

Answer 14

G

Question 15

What makes a successful ompetitor

Answer 15

Better adapted to find food,mate and avoiding competition

Food - caterpillar eats leaves, greenfly drink vacuole sap, butterfly suck nectar fro. Flowers, beetles feed on pollen

Question 16

What do plants compete for

Answer 16

Light
Minerals
Water
Space

Question 17

Examples of competition fro light

Answer 17

Snowdrops anemones and bluebells compete for light but lifecycle takes place before leaves on trees and when leaves are out there is no competition for light

Question 18

Competition for water?

Answer 18

Grow roots to find water
Extensive branches
Root hairs to increase surface area ratio

Question 19

Other competition for light for plants

Answer 19

To get as much light as possible by larger leaves or tendrils or suckers to climb

Question 20

What is necessary for successful reproduction

Answer 20

Avoid competition for its own seedlings for light, space, water mineral ions

Question 21

What are the 3 types of animal adaptations

Answer 21

Structural eg shape or colour - thick fur, camouflage
Behavioural eg migration to move to better climate for more sun energy, sleeping in cool burrows
Functional related to processes eg reproach metabolism, concentrated urine from kidneys in deserts to reduce water loss

Question 22

Adaptations in hot dry climates eg deserts (also cold at night)

Answer 22

Little water and extreme temperature problems
So kidneys produce concentrated urine
Extract more water from food
Active in early morning and late evening
Rest in burrows
Large surface area/volume ratios eg large thin ears to transfer out energy through skin

Question 23

Cold climates

Answer 23

Small surface area/volume ratio easier to reduce heat loss to environment and minimise cooling so many large animals
Small surface areas for ears etc to reduce heat loss
Plenty of blubber under skin
Thick coat
Penguins stand together to share body heat, protect from icy winds

Question 24

What do plants and animals and Microorganisms always need

Answer 24

Plants = light, carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, mineral ions
Animals = food from other organisms, water,oxygen
Microorganisms = range of things but some don’t need light or oxygen

Question 25

Plant adaptations = epiphytes

Answer 25

Found in rainforests
Adaptations allow them to live high above the ground attached to other plants
They collect water and nutrients from air and specially adapted leaves

Question 26

Plant adaptations for reproduction

Answer 26

The saguaro cactus is one of a small number of plants that rely on bats to pollinate their flowers
Flowers open at night, have strong perfume and produce lots of nectar