Adaptation 2/3

Question 1

co-evolution

Answer 1

where 2 or more species affect each others evolution e.g. the change in morphology of a plant may affect the morphology of herbivores

Question 2

Co-evolution and close relationships

Answer 2

• mutualistic
• competitive
• predator prey

Question 3

commensalism (only one party benefitted) means

Answer 3

co-evolution is unlikely to happen

Question 4

mullerian mimics

Answer 4

a form of mimicry in which two or more unpalatable animals develop similar appearance as a shared protective device

Question 5

in mullein mimics the more abundant species is the

Answer 5

model

Question 6

2 step to co-evolution

Answer 6

• macroevolution: causes major mutation and phenotypic change
• microevolution- which refines mimicry

Question 7

bateson mimicry

Answer 7

mimicry in which an edible animal is protected by its resemblance to one avoided by predators

Question 8

bateson mimicry may not involve

Answer 8

co-evolution

Question 9

arms race

Answer 9

innovations for one species leads to counter innovation in another species

Question 10

red queen hypothesis

Answer 10

biotic and abiotic world is changing all of the time, shifting adaptive peaks. life is a permanent arms race (one species success means decline for another)

Question 11

adaptive radiation

Answer 11

founder species diversifies to occupy available niches

Question 12

empty niches lack

Answer 12

competition and have plenty of food

Question 13

ecological release

Answer 13

species expands into its new habitat where there is little competition for resources and many resources

Question 14

CIHLID and adaptive radiation

Answer 14

a single species in lake Malawi has diversified
e.g. bottom feeds, surface feeders, insect predators etc

-now 1,000 species of CIHLID in the lake

Question 15

homologous structures are evidence of

Answer 15

radiation

Question 16

analogous structures are evidence of

Answer 16

convergent radiation

Question 17

evolutionary capacitance

Answer 17

living systems have the ability to accumulate genetic variation that has no phenotypic affect until the system is disturbed–> rapid phenotypic change in a pop. therefore rapid adaptation to new conditions

Question 18

convergent evolution

Answer 18

process whereby organisms not closely related, independently evolve similar traits because of having to adapt to similar environments or niches

Question 19

marsupials and convergent evolution

Answer 19

marsupials and mammals can have v similar adaptations

Question 20

african euphorbias and convergent evolution

Answer 20

has similar appearance and adaptions to the N.American cacti

Question 21

evolutionary relay

Answer 21

independent species acquire similar characteristics through evolution in similar ecosystems.. just at DIFFERENT times

Question 22

parallel evolution

Answer 22

independent species acquire same characteristics at SAME time in same ecosystem

Question 23

independent species acquire same characteristics at same time in same ecosystem

Answer 23

parallel evolution

Question 24

independent species acquire similar characteristics through evolution in similar ecosystems.. just at different times

Answer 24

evolutionary relay

Question 25

opposite of evolutionary relay

Answer 25

parallel relay

Question 26

process whereby organisms not closely related, independently evolve similar traits because of having to adapt to similar environments or niches

Answer 26

convergent evolution

Question 27

living systems have the ability to accumulate genetic variation that has no phenotypic affect until the system is disturbed–> rapid phenotypic change in a pop. therefore rapid adaptation to new conditions

Answer 27

evolutionary capacitance

Question 28

evidence of homologous structures

Answer 28

radiation

Question 29

evidence of analogous structures

Answer 29

convergent radiation

Question 30

founder species diversifies to occupy available niches

Answer 30

adaptive radiation

Question 31

innovations for one species leads to counter innovation in another species

Answer 31

arms race

Question 32

mimicry in which an edible animal is protected by its resemblance to one avoided by predators

Answer 32

bateson mimicry

Question 33

a form of mimicry in which two or more unpalatable animals develop similar appearance as a shared protective device

Answer 33

mullarian mimicry

Question 34

where 2 or more species affect each others evolution e.g. the change in morphology of a plant may affect the morphology of herbivores

Answer 34

co-evolution