AD chemical senses

Question 1

What is Katabolism?

Answer 1

Food - metabolites (complex - simple)

Question 2

What is Anabolism?

Answer 2

Metabolites - Food (simple-complex)

Question 3

What are releaser pheromones?

Answer 3

Trigger a direct behavioural response

eg searching behaviour in moths

Question 4

What are primer pheromones?

Answer 4

Act on endocrine system?

eg Queen phermone in bees,ants

Question 5

Describe the range, specificity, use in darkness and energy costs to sender for chemical signals?

Answer 5

Long
Potentially very high
Yes
Low

Question 6

How can the electrical activity of sensory neurons be measured?

Answer 6

Electrophysiological experiments

The AP generated by sensory neurons in response to odor stimuli are measured using an electrode and amplifier

Question 7

What are Dose-response curves?

Answer 7

Describes the magnitude of the response of an organism, as a function of exposure to a stimulus or stressor after a certain exposure time
Physiological responses of sensory organs increase with increasing dose of the stimulus, often over several orders
of magnitude of stimulus intensity
A measure of the potency of a stimulus, or the sensitivity of a receptor to it, is the EC50: the dose at which 50% of
the maximal effect is reached

Question 8

What is the mechanism of olfaction?

eg OSN, VNO

Answer 8

Olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) project to olfactory bulb VNO to accessory olfactory bulb
Each OSN expresses only 1 type of odorant receptor (OR)
OSN expressing the same OR project to to the same glumerili in the olfactory bulb

Question 9

Describe some differences between MOE and VNO

Answer 9

MOE is ciliated, VNO is microvilious
MOE has a fast response, VNO has a slow response
MOE projects to neocortex, VNO projects to amygdala
MOE is predominantly volatile compounds, VNO is soluble and volatile compounds