acyl chlorides NEED TO CHECK IN TEXTBOOK

Question 1

when are acyl chlorides formed?

Answer 1

when -OH group in the acid is replaced by another atom/group

(making them acid derivatives)

Question 2

how do you name acyl chlorides

Answer 2

• oyl chloride

Question 3

name the product formed when -OH in ethanoic acid is replaced by another atom or group

Answer 3

ethanoyl chloride

Question 4

give 2 properties of acyl chlorides

Answer 4

clear fuming liquids at room temperature

very reactive

Question 5

why are acyl chlorides so reactive

Answer 5

the carbon doesn’t have enough electrons so holds on to carbonyl ( C=O) and releases Cl

Question 6

is the product of the reaction between sulphur dichloride oxide and carboxylic acid pure?

Answer 6

no, will always have something in excess

purify product by distillation
separate the acyl chloride from any excess acid or thionyl chloride

Question 7

when an acyl chloride reacts with a compound X-O-H (where x is hydrogen/an alkyl group/benzene ring

what type of reaction is it?

and what products are formed and why?

Answer 7

• HCl gas produced (H coming from OH and Cl from acyl chloride)
• everything let over just gets joined together

addition elimination reaction

Question 8

describe the nature of the reaction of acyl chlorides and water and what are the products of this reaction

Answer 8

extremely vigorous at room temperature

products: carboxylic acid + Hydrogen chloride gas (steamy acidic fumes given off)

Question 9

what are the products of the reaction between an alcohol and an acyl chloride

Answer 9

ester and hydrogen chloride (HCl)

Question 10

when an acyl chloride reacts with concentrated ammonia what products are formed

Answer 10

an amide + hydrogen chloride gas

Question 11

when an acyl chloride reacts with an primary amine (cold concentrated solution in water) what products are formed

NEED TO CHECK IN TEXTBOOK

Answer 11

a secondary amide + a quaternary amine