Acyl Chlorides

Question 1

What is an acid derivative

Answer 1

An acid where the -OH group has been replaced by an atom or another group

Question 2

What are acyl chlorides like at room temp

Answer 2

Clear fuming liquids, very reactive

Question 3

Equation to form acyl chlorides

Answer 3

SOCl2 + carboxylic acid –> Acyl Chloride + Hydrogen chloride + sulfur dioxide

Question 4

How do you name an acyl chloride

Answer 4

Replace -oic acid with -oyl chloride

Question 5

What happens when acyl chlorides react and what with

Answer 5

React generally with X-O-H where X is a H, alkyl or benzene
Cl is displaced with O-X, forming hydrogen chloride gas
Reaction is very vigorous at room temp, strong acidic fumes

Question 6

Reaction of acyl chloride with alcohol

Answer 6

Alcohol + Acyl Chloride –> Ester + Hydrogen chloride

Question 7

Why is it better to make esters using acyl chloride

Answer 7

Can occur at room temp with no catalyst.
Other methods struggle to get 100% conversion

Question 8

Reaction of acyl chloride with concentrated ammonia

Answer 8

Acyl chloride + ammonia (conc) –> Amide + hydrogen chloride