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AcuteLeukemias Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of acute leukemias

A
  1. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 


2. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

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2
Q

3 different types of Acute Myeloid Leukimias (AML)

A
  1. Congenital 

  2. Therapeutic-AML 

  3. NOS
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3
Q

General signs/symptoms of Acute leukemias

A
  1. anemia: fatigue, malaise, pallor 

  2. thrombocytopenia: bruising, petichiae, hemorrhage 

  3. neutropenia: fever, recurrent infxn
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4
Q

What is the general blast marker used to diagnose Acute Leukemias?

A

CD34

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5
Q

General characteristics of AML

- severity 

- target population

- common markers

A
  • progressive 
- 90% of AML occurs in adults
    
- Common blast marker: CD34
    
- common myeloid markers: CD117, myeloperoxidase
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6
Q

General characteristics of ALL

- severity 

- target population

- common markers

A
  • disease “explodes”: rapidly fatal w/o treatment
    
- 75% of ALL occurs in children <6
    
- Common blast marker: CD34
    
- common lymphoblast marker: tdt
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7
Q

5 Different types of Congenital AML

A
  1. RUNX1-RUNX1 

  2. CBFB-MYH11 

  3. PML-RARA
    
4. RBM1-MLK1 

  4. MLL
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8
Q
  1. RUNX1-RUNX1 
2. CBFB-MYH11 
3. PML-RARA 
4. RBM1-MLK1 
5. MLL
A
  1. translocations 
2. previous chemo: alk agents, topo II inhib. 
3. previous exposure of active marrow to ioniz rad. 
4. tobacco smoke 
5. benzene exposure 
6. genetics
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9
Q

Different types of T-AML

A

(therapeutic)
1. Alkylating agent or ionizing radiation

2. Topo II inhib.

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10
Q

Different types of NOS AML

A

Ones with these mutations:


1. FLT3 
2. NPM1 
3. CEBPA

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11
Q

Different types of ALL

A
  1. B-ALL 


2. T-ALL

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12
Q

RUNX1-RUNX1 genetic translocation/mutation

A

t(8;21)

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13
Q

CBFB genetic translocation/mutation

A

t(16;16) or inv(16)

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14
Q

PML-RARA genetic translocation/mutation

A

t(15;17)

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15
Q

RBM15-MLK1 genetic translocation/mutation

A

t(1;22)

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16
Q

AML Congenital MLL genetic translocation/mutation

17
Q

T-AML genetic translocation/mutations

A

For alylating agent or radiation:

- whole/partial loss of ch 5 and/or 7

For topo II inhib

- often MLL (11q23)

18
Q

AML NOS genetic translocation/mutation

A

These mutations: 

FLT3 (ITD)

NPM1 

CEBPA

19
Q

BCR-ABL genetic translocation/mutation

A

t(9;22) p190

20
Q

ALL - B-ALL - MLLgenetic translocation/mutation

21
Q

ETV6-RUNX1 genetic translocation/mutation

22
Q

T-ALL:

- % of ALL

- common markers

A

20-25% of ALL

general blast marker: CD34 

common lymphoblast marker: tdt

t cell markers: CD3, CD7

23
Q

B-ALL: 


  • % of ALL 

  • common markers
A

80-85% of ALL

general blast marker: CD34

common lymphoblast marker: tdt 

B cell markers: CD19, CD22

- lack CD20 (of mature B cells like in Non-Hodgkin)

24
Q 
Prognosis of Congenital AML: 

1. RUNX1-RUNX1 

2. CBFB-MYH11 

4. RBM1-MLK1
 
5. MLL
A
  1. RUNX1-RUNX1 - Good 

  2. CBFB-MYH11 - Good 

  3. RBM1-MLK1 - Good 

  4. MLL - Poor
25
``` Prognosis of: 
- T-AML 
-FLT3 
 - NPM1 
- CEBPA ```
- T-AML: 
Very poor 
(luckily its only 10-20% of AML) - FLT3: very poor 
 - NPM1 : good (if FLT3 not present) 
 - CEBPA: good (if FLT3 not present)
26
Alkylating agents/radiation are types of T-AML that progress to AML via which cancer?
MDS
27
Prognosis of B-ALL: 
 BCR-ABL 
 MLL 
 ETV6-RUNX1
BCR-ABL: worst of all ALL 
MLL: poor 
ETV6-RUNX1: very favorable
28
Prognosis of T-ALL
Good 
Kids: 95% cure, 100% remission 
Adults: 50% cure, 60-80% remission
29
What does RUNX1 code for?
alpha subunit of CBF txn factor | 5
30
What does CBFB code for?
beta subunit of CBF txn factor
31
What type of cells are you likely to see in CBFB-MYH11?
baso-eos | 
- immature eosinophils w/ baso granules
32
What type of cells are you likely to see in PML-RARA?
hypergranular cells 
 | multiple auer rods
33
What type of cells are you likely to see in RBM15-MLK1
megakaryoblastic differentiation
34
What type of cells are you likely to see in Congenital AML MLL?
monocytic differentiation
35
Which AML is more likely to be seen in pts with Down Syndrome?
RBM15-MLK1
36
Which AML is more likely to be at risk for DIC? How do you treat it?
PML-RARA (APL) treat w/ ATRA
37
BCR-ABL B-ALL vs MLL B-ALL ivs T-ALL in patient populations
BCR-ABL: more common in adults 
MLL: more common in neonates/infants 
 T-ALL: more common in males, adolescents/young adults
38
Which cancer is more likely to present with a mediastinal mass?
T-ALL

ENGR 1 (29 decks)

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