Acute Upper GI Bleeding

Question 1

what are the clinical features of upper GI bleed?

Answer 1

• haematemesis
• melena
• raised urea
• features associated with a particular diagnosis

Question 2

why is urea raised in upper GI bleed?

Answer 2

due to the ‘protein meal’ of the blood

Question 3

what are the oesophageal causes of upper GI bleed?

Answer 3

• oesophageal varices
• oesophagitis
• cancer
• mallor weiss tear

Question 4

what are the gastric causes of upper GI bleed?

Answer 4

• gastric ulcer
• gastric cancer
• dieulafoy lesion
• diffuse erosive gastritis

Question 5

what are the duodenal causes of upper GI bleed?

Answer 5

• duodenal ulcer
• aorto-enteric fistula

Question 6

glasgow-blatchford score

Answer 6

• used at first assessment of upper GI bleed
• helps clinicians decide whether patients can be managed as outpatients or not

Question 7

rockall score

Answer 7

• used after endoscopy
• provides a percentage risk of rebleeding and mortality