Abdominal Wall Hernias Flashcards

1
Q

what is a hernia?

A

protrusion of an organ or the fascia of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

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2
Q

what are the risk factors for abdominal hernias?

A
  • obesity
  • ascites
  • increasing age
  • surgical wounds
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3
Q

what are the features of an abdominal hernia?

A
  • palpable lump
  • cough inpulse
  • pain
  • obstruction
  • strangulation
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4
Q

what type of hernias are more likely to lead to an obstruction?

A

femoral hernias

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5
Q

where is an inguinal hernia?

A

above and medial to the pubic tubercle

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6
Q

where is femoral hernia?

A

below and lateral to the pubic tubercle

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7
Q

who are most at risk of developing an inguinal hernia?

A

men

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8
Q

who are most at risk of developing a femoral hernia?

A

women - particularly multiparous females

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9
Q

what is the management of femoral hernia?

A

surgical repair
high risk of obstruction and strangulation

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10
Q

where is an umbilical hernia?

A

symmetrical bulge under the umbilicus

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11
Q

where is a paraumbilical hernia?

A

asymmetrical bulge - half the sac is covered by skin of the abdomen directly above or below the umbilicus

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12
Q

where is epigastric hernia?

A

lump in the midline between umbilicus and the xiphisternum

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13
Q

what are the risk factors for developing epigastric hernia?

A
  • extensive physical training
  • extensive coughing (from lung diseases)
  • obesity
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14
Q

what is an incisional hernia?

A
  • hernia located in the site of a previous abdominal incision
  • 10% of abdominal operations
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15
Q

also know as lateral ventral hernia

what is a spigelian hernia?

A

hernia through the spigelian fascia (the apnoenurotic layer between the rectus abdominis muscle medially and the semilunar line laterally)

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16
Q

where is obturator hernia?

A

hernia which passes through the obturator foramen

17
Q

who is most at risk of developing obturator hernia?

A

females

18
Q

how does obturator hernia present?

A

typically with bowel obstruction

19
Q

what is a richter hernia?

A

rare type of hernia where only the antimesenteric border of the bowel herniates through the fascial defect

20
Q

how do richter’s hernias present?

A

with strangulation without symptoms of obstruction

21
Q

name the different types of abdominal wall hernias in children

A
  • congential inguinal hernia
  • infantile uumbilical hernia
22
Q

what is a congential inguinal hernia?

A

indirect hernias resulting from a patent processus vaginalis

23
Q

how are congenital inguinal hernias managed?

A

surgically repaired soon after diagnosis as at risk of incaraceration

24
Q

what is an infantile umbilical hernia?

A

symmetrical bulge under the umbilicus

25
Q

how are infantile umbilical hernias managed?

A

resolve without intervention before the age of 4-5 years

26
Q

who are most at risk of developing an infantile umbilical hernia?

A
  • premature
  • afro-caribbean