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CEN Medical Emergencies > Acute Renal Failure > Flashcards

Acute Renal Failure Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Pre-renal failure is due to

A

conditions which decrease blood flow to the kidneys

Dec in blood - decrease in filtration

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2
Q

Decreased blood flow to the kidneys by…

A

Hypovolemia

Decreased CO

Decreased vascular resistance

Obstruction of renal vascular system

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3
Q

Intra-renal 3 main causes

A
  1. Acute Tubular Necrosis - Damage to the kidney tubules that reabsorb fluid/minerals as urine flows (hypoxic kidney - glomeruli break down)
  2. Nephrotoxic Agents (failure of glomeruli to filter)
  3. Diseases that damage
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4
Q

Post - renal failure

A

Obstruction of the urinary tract

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5
Q

5 Obstructions to the kidney

A
  1. Calculi
  2. Prostatic Hypertrophy
  3. Tumors
  4. Strictures (scarring that narrows the tube)
  5. Neurogenic bladder (lack of bladder control)
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6
Q

Renal Failure w/ K+

A

Hyperkalemia

Cannot excrete it

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7
Q

Renal Failure w/ Sodium

A

Hypoatremia

Spills through
Kidneys can’t retain sodium

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8
Q

Renal Failure w/ Phosphorus

A

Hyperphosphatemia

Kidneys can’t excrete it

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9
Q

Renal Failure w/ Calcium

A

Hypocalcemia

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10
Q

Renal Failure w/ Hydrogen

A

UPP

Metabolic acidosis

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11
Q

Renal Failure w/ Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine will..

A

Increase

Azotemia

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12
Q

Azotemia

A

Wastes in the blood

creatinine, urea

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13
Q

Decreased UO

A

Oliguric

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14
Q

How do you tx Oliguric

A

Diuretics

Hemodialysis

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15
Q

Non-Oliguric tx

A

Cautious volume replacement

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16
Q

Tx for Pre-renal failure

A

Vasopressors
Fluids
Inotropes

17
Q

Tx for Intra-renal failure

A

Withdraw nephrotoxins, Diueretics

18
Q

Tx for Post- renal failure

A

Relieve obstruction

Urinary Catherization

19
Q

Consider dialysis if…

A

Stupor / Coma from rising nitrogenous wastes

Volume overload

Dangerous hyperkalemis / Acidosis

20
Q

Common intra-renal disease

A

Diabetic kidney disease - damage blood vessels in the kidney

HTN - harmful to BVs

CEN Medical Emergencies (6 decks)

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