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NUR 170 Test 5 > Acute pain key terms > Flashcards

Acute pain key terms Flashcards

1
Q

pain

A

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage

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2
Q

acute pain

A

pain that lasts only through the expected recovery period which is normally 30 days to 6 months

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3
Q

chronic pain

A

pain that lasts longer than 6 months and persists beyond the expected period of heeling

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4
Q

end-of-life care

A

nursing care given to a client that is near death as well as care provided to the family

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5
Q

fatigue

A

lack of energy and motivation

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6
Q

acute fatigue

A

manifests as normal tiredness associated with a single event such as a poor nights sleep, stressful event, or an acute infection

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7
Q

chronic fatigue

A

more intense and longer lasting than acute fatigue with a nearly constant staye of weariness

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8
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

chronic fatigue that lasts more than 6 months and is accompanied by muscle and joint pain, headaches, and sleep and memory problems

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9
Q

fibromyalgia

A

a disease characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and decreased cognitive functioning

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10
Q

sleep loss

A

duration of sleep shorter than the recommended 7-8 hours a night for adults

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11
Q

sleep apnea

A

an individual experiencing breathing losses during sleep

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12
Q

insomnia

A

difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep or a short sleep duration even with an adequate time spent attempting to sleep

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13
Q

narcolepsy

A

a condition in which the individual experiences excessive daytime sleepiness even with adequate nighttime sleep resulting in sleep attacks and catplexy

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14
Q

parasomnias

A

unpleasant or undesirable behaviors that occur at any point during sleep

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15
Q

restless leg syndrome

A

neurological disorder that results in an irresistible urge to move the legs and other body parts often resulting in impaired sleeping habits

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16
Q

sleep hygiene

A

a variety of sleep practices that help an individual attain good quality sleep at night so that they can be alert during the day

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17
Q

specific theory of pain

A

pain is a specific sensation that uses sensory neurons separate from other sensations such as heat or touch

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18
Q

peripheral pattern theory of pain

A

all sensory nerve fiber endings are the same and pain is only felt when the fibers are intensely stimulated. it is the responsibility of the brain to decipher the differences in the signals coming from these fibers

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19
Q

gate control theory of pain

A

most widely accepted pain theory; states that stimulation of small diameter pain fibers causes gates to open whereas stimulation of large diameter (heat, cold, mechanical) fibers causes gates to close. the amount of activity in the small fibers versus large fibers controls the overall perception of pain.

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20
Q

nociceptive pain

A

pain resulting from external stimuli of an uninjured, fully functional nervous system

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21
Q

neuropathic pain

A

pain caused by nerve malfunction or injuries resulting from trauma, diseases, chemicals, infections, and tumors.

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22
Q

categories of acute pain

A

somatic pain
visceral pain
referred pain

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23
Q

somatic pain

A

pain originating from the nocireceptors located in the skin and musculoskeletal tissue

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24
Q

visceral pain

A

originates from the internal body organs and the linings of body cavities and in the chest, abdomen, and pelvic region.

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25
Q

referred pain

A

pain sensed in the region other than the site of origin

26
Q

3 categories of chronic pain

A

chronic recurrent pain
chronic intractable benign pain
chronic progressive pain

27
Q

chronic recurrent pain

A

characterized by intense episodes of pain interspersed with periods of no pain

28
Q

chronic intractable benign pain

A

chronic pain that is always present although intensity varies

29
Q

chronic progressive pain

A

pain that is associated with condition that worsens over time, such as cancer or rheumatoid arthritis

30
Q

the most common type of chronic intractable benign pain is ____ ____

A

lower back pain

31
Q

a common example of chronic recurrent pain is _______ _________

A

migraine headaches

32
Q

breakthrough pain

A

a transient exacerbation of pain that occurs either spontaneously or in relation to a specific predictable or unpredictable trigger despite relatively stable and adequately controlled background pain

33
Q

3 main types of breakthrough pain

A

incident pain
idiopathic pain
end-of-dose medication failure

34
Q

incident pain

A

short term predictable pain that accompanies a movement or activity

35
Q

idiopathic pain

A

pain associated with an unknown cause

36
Q

end-of-dose medication failure

A

pain experienced at the end of one dose of medication before the next dose is scheduled

37
Q

central pain

A

pain caused by damage to the nerves in the central nervous system

38
Q

causes of central pain

A

stroke
multiple sclerosis
parkinson’s
trauma

39
Q

phantom pain

A

pain felt in an amputated limb or body part

40
Q

psychogenic pain

A

pain associated with psychological factors including mental or emotional problems

41
Q

sensitization

A

an increased response to pain over time

42
Q

pain tolerance

A

the maximum amount of pain that a client will tolerate; women lower than men

43
Q

pain threshold

A

the point at which pain is initially felt; women lower than men

44
Q

coanalgesic drugs

A

drugs that are used primarily for another purpose but also have some analgesic properties

45
Q

opioids

A

drugs that act on one or more of three opioid receptors; mu, delta, and kappa

46
Q

narcotics

A

morphine like drugs that have potential for abuse

ex. opioids

47
Q

weak agonists

A

have a low affinity for opioid receptors

ex. codeine and hydrocodone

48
Q

partial agonists

A

high affinity for the opioid receptor but only produce a partial effect

49
Q

full agonists

A

bind with high affinity to mu opioid receptors in the PNS and CNS and produce a strong analgesic effect

50
Q

mixed agonist-anatagonist drugs

A

act as an agonist at one receptor and an an antagonist at another receptor
can be 2 mixed opiods or an opioid mixed with a nonopioid

51
Q

opioid side effects

A 
respiratory depression most severe
constipation
nausea and vomiting
sedation
pruritis
sexual dysfunction
52
Q

nerve block

A

an injection of a local anesthetic around nerves to temporarily block nerve activity

53
Q

FLACC pain scale

A

observational pain scale
face, legs, arms, cry, consolability
usually used for children

54
Q

pain process

A

transduction
transmission
perception
modulation

55
Q

transduction

A

activation of the pain receptors by noxious stimuli; stimuli converted into electrical impulse which travels from the receptor to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

56
Q

transmission

A

impulse travels from the dorsal horn to the thalmus to the cerebral cortex

57
Q

perception

A

sensory process which occurs when painful stimuli is present (conscious awareness of pain)

58
Q

modulation

A

the process by which pain sensation is inhibited or modulated by pain receptors

59
Q

behavioral manifestations of pain

A

grimacing
withdrawing
restlessness
protecting

60
Q

physiologic manifestations of pain

A 
pupil dilation
increased BP
increased HR
increased RR
pallor
nausea
increased blood glucose
61
Q

psychological manifestations of pain

A 
anorexia
fatigue
fear
stoicism
depression
anger
hopelessness
powerlessness

NUR 170 Test 5 (3 decks)

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