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White Blood Cells > Acute Leukemias > Flashcards

Acute Leukemias Flashcards

1
Q

What is Leukemia defined as?

A

Mutation of the pluripotent stem cells
Neoplastic Expansion

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2
Q

What is fatal in 2-3 months if not diagnosed and treated aggressively?

A

Acute Leukemia

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3
Q

What is a clonal disease that interferes with the production of normal blood cells?

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

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4
Q

What is seen in children under the age of 20 and peaks around the age of 2-6?

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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5
Q

What do Acute Myeloid leukemias require?

A

Blast percentage >= 20% in blood or marrow

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6
Q

What are the four main WHO groups?

A

AML with Myelodysplasia
Therapy-Related AML and MDS
AML not otherwise specified
AML with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities

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7
Q

What does AML with Myelodysplasia require?

A

Dysplasia in at least two cell lines

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8
Q

What is a characteristic feature of Erythroid Dystplasia?

A

Ringed Sideroblasts

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9
Q

What are the four examples of AML not otherwise specified?

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Acute Monoblastic and Acute Monocytic Leukemia
Acute Erythroid Leukemia
Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia

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10
Q

What is diagnosed when we see greater than 25% lymphoblast in the bone marrow? What about less than 25%?

A

Lymphoblastic Leukemia: >25%
Lymphoblastic Lymphoma: <= 25%

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11
Q

What is characteristic of Acute Myeloid Leukemia t(8:21)?

A

Large Myeloblast
Abundant Cytoplasm

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12
Q

What is characteristic of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia t(15:17)?

A

Hypergranular Promyelocytes
Associated w/DIC

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13
Q

What are the two types of Leukemia?

A

Acute Leukemia: Blasts
Chronic Leukemia: Mature

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14
Q

What amount of blasts do we need to see in the BM or Blood to diagnose Acute Leukemia?

A

Greater than 20% Blasts

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15
Q

What do we see in children under the age of 10 that peaks around ages 2-6?

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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16
Q

A patient is seen to experience lethargy, malaise, fever, infection, bleeding problems, and bone pain. What do we most suspect them to have?

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

17
Q

What is characteristic of Neutrophilic Dysplasia?

A

Hyposegmentation
Pseudo Pelger-Huet

18
Q

Abnormal Proliferation of Erythroid Precursors is a cause of?

A

Acute Erythroid Leukemia

19
Q

When using a Cytochemical stain of Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT), what are we staining and what blasts are identified?

A

Intranuclear Enzyme is stained
Lymphoblasts are positive

White Blood Cells (6 decks)

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