Acute Inflammation

Question 1

what does the acute inflammatory response consist of?

Answer 1

immediate response to early injury =

characterized by fluid and protein accumulating, neutrophils,

Question 2

what is responsible for the heat, and redness associated with acute inflammation ?

Answer 2

vasodilation in the area

Question 3

what is responsible for the swelling associated with acute inflammaiton?

Answer 3

vascular permeability

Question 4

what is responsible for the pain associated with acute inflammation

Answer 4

mediator release

Question 5

what is an exudate?

Answer 5

exudate is the characteristic fluid of acute inflammation

high in protein content

Question 6

increased vascular permeability is due to what?

Answer 6

• increased hydrostatic pressure
• decrease in intravascular osmotic pressure
• changes in endothelial cells
  
  • endothelial cell contraction
  • junctional retraction
  • endothelial injury rarely

Question 7

what is transudate?

Answer 7

extravascular fluid with low protein concentration

specific gravity less than 1.012

Question 8

what proteins are present in exudate?

Answer 8

Igs, Coagulation factors, complement components and kinins

Question 9

what do neutrophils do?

Answer 9

they ‘search and destroy’ - they find the target, engulf it, and killit

Question 10

What is Margination?

Answer 10

leukocytes moving from the center of the vessel towards the periphery - this is their getting ready to cross

Question 11

What activates the endothelial?

Answer 11

the underlying stimulus causes release of mediators which ativate the endothelium causing SELECTINS and other mediators to be moved quickly to the surface

Question 12

histamines come from what cells?

Answer 12

Mast Cells

Question 13

what is the ‘rolling stage’ of inflammaiton?

Answer 13

neutrophils bounce or roll along endothelial cells, transiently adhere to endothelial cells and is medicated by selectins molecules

Question 14

what is the adhesion step of inflammaiton?

Answer 14

leukocytes firmly adhere to endothelial cells - mediated by integrins

Question 15

what mediates transmigration?

Answer 15

PECAM-1

Question 16

what is chemotaxis?

Answer 16

movement toward the site of injury (migration)

Question 17

in what inflammatory case would you not need neutrophils?

Answer 17

where there is inflammation without infection - ex) sunburn

Question 18

vasoactive amines (histamine and serotonin) are iportant for what?

Answer 18

vascular dilation and leakage

Question 19

Where is serotonin found?

Answer 19

found in Platelets - released when platelets aggregate

Question 20

what is the cause of bradykinin?

Answer 20

• increases vascular permeability,
• arteriolar dilatation
• smooth muscle contraction
• PAIN
  *

Question 21

NSAIDS act on what inflammatory process?

Answer 21

they act on the Arachidonic Acid metabolies

Question 22

what creates the ‘systemic effects’ of inflammaiton?

Answer 22

cytokines