Acute Infectious Diarrhea Flashcards
Is the second most common infectious cause of death among children < 5 yrs old. (Harrison pp 852)
Diarrhea
Recurrent Intestinal infections are associated with the following: (Harrison pp 852)
Physical and Mental stunting
Wasting
Micronutrient deficiencies
Malnutrition
What are the pathogenic mechanisms involved in diarrhea? (Harrison pp 852)
Inoculum size
Adherence
Toxin production
Invasion
In non-inflammatory causes of acute diarrhea, which part of the intestine is involved? (Harrison pp 852)
Proximal small bowel
Non-inflammatory causes of acute diarrhea (Harrison pp 852)
Vibrio cholerae Enterotoxigenic E. Coli Enteroaggregative E. Coli Clostridium perfringes Bacillus cereus Staphylococcus aureus Aeromonas hydrophilia Rotaviras, norovirus Giardia lamblia
What is the stool findings in inflammatory cause of acute diarrhea? (Harrison pp 852)
Fecal polymorphonuclear leukocytes
INCREASE in fecal lactoferrin
What is the stool findings in non-inflammatory cause of acute diarrhea? (Harrison pp 852)
No fecal leukocytes
No or mild increase in lactoferrin
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli causes what disease? (Harrison pp 852)
Hemorrhagic colitis
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Enterotoxin acts directly on _____ in the intestinal mucosa (Harrison pp 852)
Secretory mechanism
It is a toxin production that causes destruction of mucosal cells and associated inflammatory diarrhea (Harrison pp 853)
Cytotoxins
Acts directly on the central and peripheral nervous system (Harrison pp 853)
Neurotoxins
It is a heterodimeric protein (1 unit A, 5 units B) and prototypical enterotoxin (Harrison pp 853)
Cholera toxins
It is a syndrome characterized by fever, headache, relative bradycardia and abdominal pain, splenomegaly and leukopenia. (Harrison pp 853)
Enteric Fever
Common practices that increases the risk of enteric colonization (Harrison pp 853)
Antacids
Proton pump inhibitors
H2 blockers
It is the major mechanism for clearance of bacteria from the proximal small intestines (Harrison pp 853)
Normal peristalsis
It is the 1st line defense against many gastrointestinal pathogens. (Harrison pp 853)
Mucosal immune system
Blood type O show increased susceptibility to the following bacteria: (Harrison pp 853)
E. coli VS Norovirus E. coli O157 Vibrio cholerae Shigella Norovirus
Signs of MILD dehydration (Harrison pp 853)
Thirst Dry mouth Decreased axillary sweat Decreased urine output Slight weight loss
Signs of MODERATE dehydration (Harrison pp 853)
SOS
Skin tenting
Orthostatic fall in blood pressure
Sunken eyes
Signs of SEVERE dehydration (Harrsion pp 853)
Lethargy Obtundation Feeble pulse Hypotension Frank shock