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Y2 Child Health > Acute Illness > Flashcards

Acute Illness Flashcards

1
Q

management of diarrhoea in developing country

A

PO rehydration solution & Zn supplement

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2
Q

where is HIV

A

sub-Saharan Africa

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3
Q

HIV transmission

A

mother-child and STI

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4
Q

HIV prophylaxis

A

screen + maternal lifelong antiretrovirus

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5
Q

HIV Dx

A

viral load PCR or Ab test

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6
Q

HIV Mx

A

antiretroviral NRTI

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7
Q

risk factors for TB

A

HIV, malnutrition

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8
Q

TB Dx

A

acid fast bacilli INF-G, CXR, Mantoux

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9
Q

TB Tx

A

2mth RIPE, 4Mth RI

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10
Q

TB prevention

A

BCG

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11
Q

organism in malaria

A

plasmodium parasite

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12
Q

malaria Tx

A

3 day ACT

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13
Q

organism in diphtheria

A

aerobic gram +ve bacterium corynebacterium diptheriae

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14
Q

other name for croup

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

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15
Q

presentation of croup

A

barking cough, stridor, fever

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16
Q

organism in croup

A

parainfluenza virus

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17
Q

croup Tx

A

PO dexamethasone

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18
Q

organisms in bronchiolitis

A

rhinovirus or RSV

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19
Q

bronchiolitis Tx

A

supportive

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20
Q

age children present with intussception

A

under 2 years

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21
Q

age children present with volvulus

A

0-5 years

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22
Q

age children present with appendicitis

A

> 2 years

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23
Q

age children present with infantile colic

A

under 1 yr

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24
Q

age children present with incarcerated hernias

A

under 1 year

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25
Q

acute right inferior quadrant pain in a child is a red flag for …

A

appendicitis

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26
Q

presentation of congenital pyloric stenosis

A

non-bilious vomiting, low weight, 2 swellings on stomach

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27
Q

1st investigation for congenital pyloric stenosis

A

ultrasound

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28
Q

congenital pyloric stenosis Tx

A

open/lap pyloromyotomy

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29
Q

pathology of intussusception

A

terminal ileum/ileocaecal junction telescoping/folding in on self

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30
Q

intussusception presentation

A

bile vomit, no/bloody stool, guarding abdo pain, sausage shape mass

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31
Q

intussusception Dx

A

ultrasound kidney bean

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32
Q

intussusception Tx

A

XR guided air reduction

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33
Q

malrotation pathology

A

ischaemia, affects midgut duodenum

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34
Q

malrotation presentation

A

green bile vomit

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35
Q

malrotation management

A

open surgery asap

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36
Q

appendicitis presentation

A

RIQ pain, low grade temp

37
Q

1st investigation for appendicitis

A

US

38
Q

appendicitis Mx

A

lap appendectomy

39
Q

complication of appendicitis

A

peritonitis

40
Q

CNS infection investigation

A

LP and imaging

41
Q

meningococcal organism

A

bacteria neisseria meningitides

42
Q

meningococcal transmission

A

droplet spread

43
Q

what does meningococcal infection cause

A

meningitis or sepsis

44
Q

meningococcal prevention

A

Men ACWY vaccine

45
Q

what infections can hib virus cause

A

meningitis, septicaemia, epiglottitis

46
Q

testicular torsion management

A

surgery within 4-6hr to save

47
Q

difference between presentation of testicular torsion and idiopathic scrotal oedema

A

idiopathic scrotal oedema is bilateral and itchy

48
Q

is a murmur disappearing when supine a good or bad sign

A

sign of innocent murmur

49
Q

are systolic murmurs innocent or red flags

A

innocent (diastolic is a ref flag)

50
Q

suspected sepsis with red flags management

A

supportive till bacterial Dx since most viral

51
Q

potential sepsis with amber flags management

A

clinical judgment, community Tx, plan 2nd assessment + safety net

52
Q

fluid resuscitation in sepsis

A

if shock; 20ml/kg isotonic fluid in 10min + adrenaline

53
Q

febrile seizure presentation

A

6mth-5yr, pyrexic

54
Q

what type of fever is a febrile seizure

A

tonic clonic

55
Q

febrile seizure management

A

nothing

56
Q

what is CMP

A

cow’s milk protein

57
Q

what is ALTE

A

apparent life threatening event

58
Q

3 causes of bile vomit

A

intussception, ilial atresia, volvulus

59
Q

what is hypospadias

A

urethra on penis

60
Q

when is intrapartum death

A

during delivery

61
Q

what is a vasopressor

A

antihypotensive

62
Q

what vasopressor is used in sepsis management in children

A

adrenaline

63
Q

is stridor inspiratory or expiratory

A

inspiratory

64
Q

presentation of bronchiolitis

A

dry cough, expiratory wheeze, breathless

65
Q

infecting organism in whooping cough

A

bordetella pertussis

66
Q

whooping cough causes vomiting and is worse in the daytime. true or false

A

partially true. it does cause vomiting but it worse at night

67
Q

what is the commonest organism in gastroenteritis in a child

A

rotavirus

68
Q

age children present with hirschprung’s disease

A

less than 1 year old

69
Q

presentation of a UTI in an infant

A

very non-specific fever, may have no urinary symptoms

70
Q

investigation of UTI in an infant

A

clean catch urine sample

71
Q

at what age should you always refer a UTI

A

less than 3 months old

72
Q

management of a lower UTI in a child older than 3 months

A

PO trimethoprim or nitrofurentoin

73
Q

management of a upper UTI in a child older than 3 months

A

IV amox + genta

74
Q

management of a UTI in a child less than 3 months

A

IV amox + genta

75
Q

infecting organism in encephalitis

A

virus

76
Q

which bacteria can cause meningitis

A

strep, Hib, neisseria meningitides

77
Q

infecting organism in measles

A

paramxovirus

78
Q

diagnosis of measles

A

IgM

79
Q

presentation of measles

A

fever, cough,

maculopapular rash 1st behind ear, white oral ulcers

80
Q

what infections are associated with febrile convulsions

A

viral, otitis media, tonsillitis

81
Q

what distinguishes a reflex anoxic seizure from epilepsy

A

no tongue biting

82
Q

how long does a reflex anoxic seizure last

A

less than a minute

83
Q

are reflex anoxic seizures provoked

A

yes but a trigger like a sudden fright

84
Q

management of reflex anoxic seizures

A

reassure parents, child grows out of it

85
Q

at what age is neonatal jaundice always pathological

A

1st 24 hours

86
Q

at what age is neonatal jaundice normally physiological

A

24hr - 2wk

87
Q

at what age does breast milk jaundice present

A

> 2 weeks

88
Q

what is the infecting organism in scarlet fever

A

s. pyogenes

89
Q

management of scarlet fever

A

PO penicillin

Y2 Child Health (7 decks)

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