Acute compartment syndrom Flashcards
- From fastest to slowest, what order do the tissues experience localized ischemic necrosis?
a. Muscle, Bone, Nerve
b. Nerve, Muscle, Bone
c. Bone, Nerve, Muscle
d. Muscle, Nerve, Bone
D. muscle nerve bone
- Which of the following is a potential complication resulting from acute compartment syndrome?
a. Infection
b. Sensory loss
c. Death
d. Amputation
e. All of the above
E. all of the above
- What is intracompartmental pressure a proxy measurement for?
a. Blood pressure
b. Bulk flow from the capillaries into intracompartmental tissue
c. The amount of time that tissue has not had access to oxygen
d. The amount of albumin in the blood stream
e. The difference in pressure between the phlebostatic axis and the effected compartment
B. bulk flow from capillaries into intracompartmental tissue
- Which population is at highest risk of developing acute compartment syndrome?
a. Young men under the age of 35
b. Young women under the age of 35
c. Recreationally active adults between the ages of 35 and 60
d. Older women in long term care settings
e. Unconscious elderly patients in the Intensive care unit
a. young men under 35
- When Acute Compartment is identified, what is the immediate treatment undertaken?
a. Elevation and bed rest
b. A fasciotomy
c. Placement of a drainage tube into the effected compartment
d. Continued monitoring
e. None of the above
B. fasciotomy
A malfunctioning pressure measuring system INCORRECTLY records several measurements that indicates intracompartmental pressure (ICP) is within 10 mmHg of diastolic blood pressure when it is really at 40 mmHg. What steps do the clinical team take and what happens? (Assuming they don’t know the device is malfunctioning)
a. They perform an UNNECESSARY fasciotomy
b. They perform a NECESSARY fasciotomy
c. They do nothing and the patient is fine
d. They do nothing and the patient develops Acute Compartment syndrome
A. UNNECESSARY fasciotomy is preformed
- What is the underlying technology that allows Stryker Needles to make pressure measurements?
a. Strain gauges
b. Resonant sensing
c. A Piezoresistive diaphragm
d. Antigen specific binding
C. piezoresistive diaphram
Which of the following is a common symptom of acute compartment syndrome?
a. Joint stiffness and decreased range of motion
b. Numbness and tingling in the affected area
c. Increased strength and muscle mass in the affected area
d. Redness and warmth in the affected area
B. numbness and tingling
- Name and define 4 out of the 6 “Ps” for clinical symptoms of acute compartment syndrome
Pain with a passive stretch, pain out of proportion with injury, pallor (unnatural change in color), paresis (paralysis), paresthesia (tingling or numbness), and pulselessness.
- What is the Stryker Needle used for?
it is used for onetime intracompartmental pressure monitoring
- What type of necrosis takes place during Acute Compartment Syndrome?
ischemic nercosis
- Identify two benefits associated with continuous pressure monitoring for Acute Compartment Syndrome relative to the use of stryker needles.
-reduces demands on nurses by removing need for repeated measurements
-more reliable due to consistent placement in tissue
- Explain the significance of the graph below in explaining how acute compartment syndrome is diagnosed in the clinical setting. What is the primary limitation of using clinical exams for ACS diagnosis?
-shows relative effectivness in diagnosing
- x axis has common tests preformed as a physical exam
- need three signs however once all three or more are showing patient is a a high risk of developing irreversible tissue damage
- Why is the lower leg one of the most common sites for the development of acute compartment syndrome?
it has four compartments with small cross-sectional area along with the tibia not allowing for space to expand when injury occurs causing a high risk of pressure build up preventing tissue perfusion
- Identify and describe two issues associated with the use of the Stryker needle for intracompartmental pressure monitoring.
- It requires that the nurses remember to take periodic pressure measurements over the course of their busy shifts. As ACS develops quickly, forgetting one measurement can lead to irreversible tissue damage
- Pressure measurements are dependent on the placement of the needle within the same region and depth of the tissue. If done inconsistently, it can lead to unreliable measurements.
