acute closed angle glaucoma Flashcards
who does it affect?
long sighted people increased risk
females
40 years of age + (60-70 especially)
what is it and what causes it
raised intracranial pressure caused by aqueous humour build up when drainage ducts are blocked
signs and symptoms
severe pain blurred vision/visual loss halo around lights systemic malaise nausea and vomiting headache
hazy view of iris
mild DILATED pupil
red eye
treatment
iridotomy -laser or surgical by creating hole in iris to allow drainage
prostaglandin analogues- increase uveoslceral outflow
beta blocker-timolol, selective a2 receptor agonist , carbonic acid inhibitors
to reduce aqueous humour production
what is orbital cellulitis
inflammation of the eye tissue behind the orbital septum
can be lifethreatening
causes
bacterial infection - 3 most common s.aureus, step. pneuomniae, beta haemolytic streptococci
infection from eye lid skin, bloodstream
trauma
signs and symptoms
unable to open eye /visual loss fever lethargy erythema ptosis eyelid oedema pain!!! inflamed eye
treatment
abx depending on cause
pencillin and cephalosporins
vancomycin, clindamycin, doxycycline
what is giant cell arteritis
inflammation of the arteries esp the temporal artery
can be serious-causing permanent blindness
signs and symptoms
jaw claudication
pulsating carotid arteries/branches
sudden visual loss (sudden indicates vascular)
scalp tenderness/headache- on touching/pressure to scalp such as brushing hair, lying on pillow
diplopia
tests
CRP
plasma viscosity
ESR but takes time
TA biopsy
treatment
high dose prednisolone
low dose aspirin
what is facial nerve 3 palsy?
ischaemia in the nerve trunk causing malfunction of cranial nerve 3 (oculomotor)
signs and symptoms
the nerve supplies the levator muscles so eye will move down and out laterally of the right eye
ptosis
left eye normal
diplopia
what if pain?
pain as well may indicate pituitary adenoma or posterior communicating artery aneurysm
