Acute blood pressure and heart rate responses to exercise

Question 1

Cardiac output definition and formula

Answer 1

The volume of blood leaving the heart each minute

HR x SV

Question 2

Systolic Blood Pressure

Answer 2

The pressure exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the arteries during the contraction phase of the heart (systole)

Question 3

What effects SBP?

Answer 3

Age
Gender
Body Weight
Diet
Physical Activity
Stress
Alcohol Consumption
Smoking
Medications
Genetics
Health Conditions
Caffeine
Hormonal Changes
Temperature
Hydration Levels

Question 4

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Answer 4

Pressure exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the arteries during relaxation phase of the heart (diastole)

Question 5

Pulse Pressure definition and formula

Answer 5

Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

PP = SBP - DBP

Question 6

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Answer 6

Average blood pressure in an individual during a single cardiac cycle

MAP = DBP + 1/3 PP

Question 7

Rate Pressure Product (RPP)

Answer 7

An index of myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow

How hard your heart is working

RPP = SBPxHR

Question 8

RPP hemodynamic responses from high to low

Answer 8

> 30,000: High
25,000 – 29,999: High intermediate
20,000 – 24,999: Intermediate
15,000 – 19,999: Low intermediate
< 14,999: Low

Question 9

Basal HR

Answer 9

Heart rate while at rest in a neutrally temperate environment, with the digestive system inactive (about 12 hours).

Question 10

Resting HR

Answer 10

Heart rate when awake but lying down and not having exerted oneself recently.

Question 11

Pre-exercise HR

Answer 11

The heart rate in anticipation of exercise, influenced by increased sympathetic neural drive.

Question 12

Steady State HR

Answer 12

The plateau in heart rate that occurs when the work rate is held constant at submaximal levels of exercise.

Question 13

Max HR formula

Answer 13

Max HR=220−age

Question 14

Intrinsic control of heart components and function

Answer 14

SA node, internodal pathways, AV node, Purkinje fibers.

The heart’s ability to contract auto-rhythmically due to the intrinsic conduction system.

Question 15

Extrinsic control of heart

Answer 15

Parasympathetic Influence: Retards sinus discharge to slow heart rate (bradycardia) via the vagus nerve.

Sympathetic Influence: Increases heart rate and contractility via adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal medulla.

Question 16

Adrenal Medulla influences on cardiovascular system

Answer 16

Slower acting, influences heart rate and blood flow

Question 17

Noradrenaline effects during exercise

Answer 17

• Cardiac Effects: Increased contractility, relaxation rate, heart rate, and conduction velocity.
  
  • Other Effects: Vasoconstriction, increased blood sugar and metabolic rate, bronchodilation, pupil dilation, and piloerection (goose bumps).

Question 18

How is BP increased during exercise

Answer 18

Increased cardiac output, vasodilation in exercising muscles, vasoconstriction in non-exercising muscles, increased SBP.

Question 19

BP during endurance training

Answer 19

SBP related to exercise intensity, DBP changes variable. Post-exercise BP slightly lower.

Question 20

BP during resistance training

Answer 20

Increases in SBP and DBP due to vasoconstriction and vessel compression.