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Injuries in Sport > Acute and Overuse Injuries > Flashcards

Acute and Overuse Injuries Flashcards

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1
Q

Cartilage Function

A

Shock absorber, joint lubrication

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2
Q

Cartilage types

A

Hyaline e.g. joint surface
Fibrocartilage e.g. meniscus, vertebral disc
Elastic e.g. outer ear

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3
Q

Joint function

A

Stability on bony configuration and soft tissues

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4
Q

Bursa

A

Facilitates the movement of the tendon over the bony surface

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5
Q

Bone fracture

A

Acute
Transverse, oblique, comminuted, spiral, avulsion
Open or closed
Displaced or non-displaced

Sx - pain, tenderness, bruising, swelling, deformity, ROM

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6
Q

Periosteal injury

A

Acute
Bleeding in periosteum due to direct blow
e.g. tibia from stick/ kick

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7
Q

Wolff law

A

Bone remodels in response to the direct force/stress applied to it, using osteoclasts and osteoblasts

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8
Q

Bone strain

A

Overuse
Non-tender
Mildly increased uptake on bone scan
XR/CT Normal

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9
Q

Stress Reaction

A

Overuse
Tender
Mildly increased uptake on bone scan
XR/CT Normal

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10
Q

Stress Fracture

A 
Overuse
Microfracture due to repetitive loading that over time exceeds bone's ability to repair
Due to impact forces or muscle pull
Tender
Increased uptake on bone scan
XR/CT Abnormal
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11
Q

Osteochondral injury

A

Acute
Damage to articular cartilage +/- subchondral bone
Poor healing capacity due to inadequate blood supply
May predispose to ealy OA
E.G. metatarsal dome with inversion injury

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12
Q

Meniscal Tear

A

Acute (fibrocartilage)

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13
Q

Intervertebral disc prolapse

A

Acute (elastic cartilage)

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14
Q

Patellofemoral Syndrome

A

Overuse - Microscopic inflammation of cartilage

inflammation leads to softening => fibrillation => fissuring =>gross disruption

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15
Q

Osteochondritis Dissecans

A

Separation of bone and cartilage from normal surrounding structures

e.g. medial femoral condyle - Axial CT of the knee demonstrates a completely detaches

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16
Q

Joint Dislocation

A

Acute

Complete disassociation of the joint surfaces

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17
Q

Joint Subluxation

A

Acute

Partial disassociation of the articulating surfaces

18
Q

Sinus Tarsi Syndrome

A

Overuse injury causing chronic inflammation
following inversion injury
lateral ankle pain

19
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Overuse
Fraying of cartilage +/- loose fragments, bony cysts, subchondral bone sclerosis, osteophtes, thickening of synovium

RF - age, FHx. congenital/ developmental joint alterations, alterations of supporting structures, injury, obesity, occupational overuse

20
Q

Ligament Sprain

A 
Acute
GRADE 1
- Stretching of fibres, minimal tearing
- No laxity, normal end feel
- Mild/mod pain

GRADE 2

  • Partial tear
  • Laxity, normal end feel
  • Mod/sev pain

GRADE 3

  • Complete tear
  • Laxity, no end feel
  • May be pain free
21
Q

MCL Knee inflammation - Breaststroke swimmers

A

Overuse

repetitive valgus loads across the knee

22
Q

MCL Elbow Inflammation

A

Overuse

Repetitive throwing with valgus loading

23
Q

Plantar Fasciitis

A

Overuse syndromes of the foot

24
Q

Muscle Strain

A

Acute
GRADE 1
- Small no. of muscle fibres torn, fascia intact, minimal bleeding
- Mild pain, FROM, full strength

GRADE 2

  • Significant no. of muscle fibres torn, increased bleeding
  • Increased pain, swelling, decreased ROM and strength, palpable haematoma

GRADE 3

  • Complete tear (usually at musculotendinous junction)
  • Bleeding & swelling +++, no active contraction
25
Q

Cramps

A

Acute
painful involuntary contraction
sudden and temporarily debilitating

26
Q

Contusion

A

Acute
Direct blow to muscle cause bleeding with haematoma formation

can lead to MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS - bone tisse formation inside the muscle or other soft tissue

e.g. dead leg in footballers

27
Q

Focal Fibrosis of muscle

A

Overuse
repetitive microtrauma
cause inflammation and adhesions

28
Q

Chronic compartment syndrome

A

Overuse
Exercise causes increased intra-compartmental pressure; tight fascia does not allow for expansion and impairs blood supply => pain

29
Q

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)

A

Overuse
24-48hrs post exercise, esp eccentric
Secondary to inflammatory cell/metabolite build up
e.g. downhill running

30
Q

Myofascial Pain

A

Overuse
due to injuries, stress, inflammation and poor posture
Trigger points
hardening of muscle upon palpation of trigger points
subjective weakness
referred pain from trigger point
shared Sx with fibromyalgia (but fibromyalgia = widespread, systemic, associated with fatigue)

31
Q

Tendon Tear

A

Acute
Usually at site of least blood supply (e.g. 3cm above achilles tendon insertion) or musculotendinous junction
complete or partial

32
Q

Tendinosis

A

Overuse
Collagen degeneration
neovascularisation
causes pain

33
Q

Tendinitis

A

Overuse
inflammation
e.g. inflammatory arthritides

34
Q

Paratenonitis

A

Overuse
Inflammation of paratenon/ tendon sheath
e.g. deQuervain’s tenosynovitis (APL and EPB) in rowers

35
Q

Traumatic Bursitis

A

Acute

direct knock causes bleeding in bursa

36
Q

Bursitis

A

Overuse

e.g. greater trochanteric bursa (gluteus medius attachment)

37
Q

Neuropraxia

A

Acute
due to direct blow
pain, tingling, numbness +/- weakness - along distribution
e.g. common peroneal nerve at the neck of fibula

38
Q

Nerve Entrapment

A

Acute or Chronic

e.g. prolapsed IV disc and nerve root compression

39
Q

Adverse Neural tension

A

Chronic
irritation of nerve due to local inflammation
pain on stretching nerve
e.g. RSI (carpal tunnel)

40
Q

Abrasion/Laceration

A

Acute
common
complications - bleeding, infection

41
Q

Blisters/Callus

A

Chronic

common

Injuries in Sport (13 decks)

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