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Block 7 Week 1 Colt > Acute and Chronic Leukemias - Usera > Flashcards

Acute and Chronic Leukemias - Usera Flashcards

1
Q

What type of leukemia do pts of 0-14 years get?

A

ALL

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2
Q

What type of leukemia do pts of 15-59 years get?

A

AML

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3
Q

What type of leukemia do pts of 40-60 years get?

A

AML/CML

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4
Q

What type of leukemia do pts of >60 years get?

A

CLL

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5
Q

In acute myelogenous leukemia, maturation of the (blank) is arrested

A

granulocyte

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6
Q

Evidence of marrow failure shows as what type of changes in lab work?

A

Anemia
thrombocytopenia
neutropenia
leukocytosis with increased blasts

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7
Q

Evidence of marrow failure shows as what type of clinical symptoms?

A

Fatigue
bleeding/ecchymosis
DIC
monocytic gum infiltration

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8
Q

What is done with a bone marrow BIOPSY>

A

sent to histology

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9
Q

what is done with a bone marrow ASPIRATE?

A
  1. flow cytometry
  2. peripheral smear
  3. cytogenetics including FISH and karyotype
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10
Q

csome issues including t(15;17)(q22;q12) corresponding to FAB M3, presenting in decades 3-5 is what leukemia?

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

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11
Q

How quickly does APL replicate?

A

Quickly. That’s how quickly. rapid doubling time, baby.

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12
Q

T/F: APL has low numbers of Auer rods

A

false; large numbers

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13
Q

What is the two item treatment for APL?

A

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and an alkylating agent

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14
Q

T/F: APL has a remission rate above 80%

A

true

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15
Q

T/F: Acute monocytic leukemia presents with large numbers of auer rods

A

false; they are rare

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16
Q

Gum infiltration is common in which leukemia

A

acute monocytic leukemia

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17
Q

How do you Dx Acute monocytic leukemia?

A

immunophenotype

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18
Q

Which leukemia is caused by the t(9;22) BCR-ABL fusion product, aka the PHILADELPHIA CSOME

A

Chronic Myelogenous leukemia

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19
Q

T/F: the chronic phase of AML can last years before converting to a blast crisis

A

true

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20
Q

What are the risk factors that lead to CML?

A

radiation or benzene exposure

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21
Q

T/F: The Philly csome is specific for CML

A

false!!!!

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22
Q

The BCR-ABL fusion protein on the Philly csome produces a constitutively active (blank), leading to dysregulation of proliferation and apoptosis

A

tyrosine kinase

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23
Q

The ABL portion of the fusion protein comes from csome (9/22)

A

9

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24
Q

the BCR portion of the fusion protein comes from csome (9/22)

A

22

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25
The BCR-ABL fusion protein activates what intracellular cascade pathway?
STAT pathway
26
What is the WBC count in CML?
>5
27
A differential of a pt with CML would show (full/inhibited) granulocyte differentiation
full
28
What are the clinical findings of someone with CML?
fever, night sweats, wt. loss, splenomegaly, bleeding.ecchymoses
29
CML leads to an increase in (one/all) myeloid products
all
30
A blast crisis has greater than (blank) percent blasts
20%
31
What is the the cause of death in a blast crisis?
hyperviscous blood leadin to heart failure, lung infiltrates, kideny injury from rapidly dying cells. Short story: multi organ failure
32
CML is treated with (blank) type drugs--think about what the Philly csome produces
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
33
Gleevec is a drug used to treat (blank)
CML
34
With allogenic (stem cell/bone marrow) transplant, 5 year progression free survival of CML is 80-95%
stem cell
35
What is the most common leukemia in children?
B cell ALL
36
What percent of ALLs are B cell?
80-85%
37
75% of B cell ALL cases involve children under the age of (blank)
6
38
What two markers do B cell ALLs express?
CD10 and tdt
39
B cell ALLs are caused by (differentiated/undifferentiated) lymphoblasts
primitive undifferentiated
40
What is the most common secondary site of ALL involvement?
THE CNS | also seen in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver and testis
41
What age group gives a favorable prognosis for B cell ALL?
1-10
42
What genetic markers give a favorable impression for ALL?
t(12;22)/ETV/RUNX1 and hyperdiploidy of the cancer cells
43
What type of leukemia often presents with a mediastinal mass?
T cell ALL
44
How do T cell ALL markers differ from B cell ALL markers?
B cell: CD10 and tdt POS | T cell: CD10 - and tdt +
45
CD3 is a pan-(blank) cell marker
T cell
46
(blank) is a clonal B cell neoplasms caused by a light chain restriction
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
47
Overall, what is the most common human leukemia?
CLL
48
What is the most common leukemia of the elderly?
CLL
49
what two markers does CLL express?
CD5 and CD23
50
What two markers do the virgin mature B cells express in CLL?
CD19 and CD20
51
What is the blast percent in CLL
<10%
52
``` Name the disease: WBC 10-100 small mature lymphs clumped chromatin/TORTOISE SHELL appearance Smudge cells ```
CLL
53
T/F: There is a T cell variant of CLL
false
54
T/F: CLL warrants aggresive chemotherapy
false
55
What drug is given if Tx is warranted for CLL?
Chlorambucil
56
A mutated (blank) gene is extremely favorable in CLL with a median survival of 293 months
Ig Variable heavy chain-- IGVH
57
ZAP-70 and CD38 expression in CLL are (favorable/unfavorable)
unfavorable
58
What is the Richter transformation?
transition from CLL to DLBCL; median survival less than one year--formation of lymphocytic lymphoma solid tumors
59
``` What is this disease? CD11c, CD25, CD103 Neoplasm of memory B cells Older Caucasian males Indolent disease Pancytopenia, monocytopenia Splenomegaly ```
Hairy cell leukemia
60
What is unique about where hairy cell leukemia sets up shop in the spleen?
sequesters in the RED pulp
61
In hairy cell leukemia the bone marrow has a distinct (blank) appearance
fried egg
62
The dense (blank) network in hairy cell leukemia leads to a dry tap during bone marrow aspiration
reticulun
63
Adult T cell leukemia is caused by what virus?
HTLV-1
64
Where is HTLV endemic?
Japan, West Afrika, Carribean
65
What cancer has floret or clover leaf cells?
Adult T cell leukemia

Block 7 Week 1 Colt (9 decks)

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