Acute and Chronic Inflammation and Tissue Repair

Question 1

Celsus

Answer 1

Rubor, calor tumor, dolor

Question 2

Rudolf Virchow

Answer 2

Functiolaesa

Question 3

Inflmmation is not a disease but a nonspecific response that has a salutary effect on its host

Answer 3

John Hunter

Question 4

Discovered phagocytosis

Answer 4

Elie Metchnikoff

Question 5

Established that chemical substances mediate vascular changes of inflammation

Answer 5

Sir Thomas Lewis

Question 6

Five steps of the inflammatory response

Answer 6

1. Recognition of the injurious agent
2. Recruitment of leukocytes
3. Removal of the agent
4. Regulation of the response
5. Resolution

Question 7

Phases of acute inflammation

Answer 7

Initiation
Amplification
Destruction
Termination

Question 8

Results in activation of soluble mediators and recruitment of inflammatory cells to the area

Answer 8

Initiation

Question 9

Additional leukocytes and macrophages are recruited to the area

Answer 9

Amplification

Question 10

T/F: Termination of inflammatory response occurs when the offending agent is eliminated

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Outcome of acute inflammation

Answer 11

Elimination of the noxious stimuli followed by decline of the reaction and repair of the damaged tissue, or
Persistent injury resulting in chronic inflammation

Question 12

Important receptors for sensing microbes, which when engaged, signals pathways to produce various mediators

Answer 12

Toll-like receptors

Question 13

Activates caspase 1

Answer 13

Inflammasome

Question 14

Cleaves inflammatory cytokine il-1B into its biologically active form

Answer 14

Caspase 1

Question 15

Produced in mild injuries such as sunburn

Answer 15

Exudation

Question 16

Escape of fluid, proteins, and blood cells from the vascular system into the interstitial tissue or body cavities

Answer 16

Exudation

Question 17

Ultrafiltration of blood plasma that results from osmotic or hydrostatic imbalance without an increase in vascular permeability

Answer 17

Transudation

Question 18

T/F: Edema can either be an exudate or transudate

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T/F: Protein concentration in transudate is increased

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Earliest vascular response to mild skin injury

Answer 20

Transient vasoconstriction of arterioles at the site of injury

Question 21

T/F: Transient vasoconstriction or arterioles at the site of injury is mediated by both neurogenic and chemical mediator systems

Answer 21

True