Acupuncture Flashcards
What are 3 endogenous opioid peptide families implicated in acupuncture analgesia?
1) beta-endorphon
2) enkephalin (met and leu)
3) dynorphin
What nerves are activated by low freq/high intensity stimulation?
type II and III
Once nerve is stimulated in LF/HI, where does the message go?
spinal cord –> midbraine –> pituitary/hypothalamus
What is the gate theory of pain?
closing the gate to block pain from coming into the spinal cord
Instead of beta endorphin release, what do you get in HF/LI?
GABA
How do enkephalin and dynorphin alleviate pain?
block incoming messages
What 3 areas are involved in electro-acupuncture?
1) spinal cord
2) midbrain
3) pituitary
True or false: HF/LI in susceptible to naloxone?
FALSE
When needles are placed distal to pain, they activate __________ and ________
midbrain and hypothalamic-pituitary complex
Which kind of stimulation produces slower onset but longer lasting analgesia?
low frequency
What produces rapid but short duration analgesia?
high frequency
What are the Hz ranges for LF/HI and HF/LI?
LF/HI: 2-15Hz
HF/LI: 30-200Hz
True or false: HF/LI has cumulative effects
FALSE only LF/HI does
Which system is blocked by effects of naloxone?
LF/HI
Which system involves the spinal cord, midbrain, and pituitary? What do they produce?
Spinal cord: enkephalin, dynorphin B
midbrain: enkephalin, serotonin, norepinephrine
pituitary: B-endorphin, ACTH
What is the thermocouple effect of kelvin thomas?
gradient along length of homogenous conductor with temp gradient produced by ends of conductor at different temperatures
What is Benedick’s Effect?
current along uniform conductor is reinforced by EM effect between spiraled metal of the handle in contact with the first metal of the shaft
Name some examples in which acupuncture could be used according the NIH consensus
1) stroke rehab
2) headache
3) menstrual cramps
4) osteoarthritis
5) low back pain
6) carpal tunnel
7) asthma
