Acts, when they were, what they did and who they affected Flashcards
MURDRUM FINE
1070
INTRODUCED A FINE FOR KILLING NORMANS
PEOPLE WHO KILLED NORMANS
FOREST LAWS
1072
LAND THAT HAD PREVIOUSLY BEEN COMMON WAS NOW STRICLY CONTROLLED BY THE KING.
PEASANTS, AS THEY HAD PREVIOUSLY GRAZED ANIMALS, CAUGHT RABITS AND COLLECTED FIREWOOD ON THIS LAND – VEIWED AS A SOACIAL CRIME.
STATUTE OF LABOURERS
1351
INTRODUCED MAXIMUM WAGE FOR WORKERS AND MADE IT ILLEGAL FOR WORKERS TO ASK FOR MORE. IT ALSO MADE IT ILLEGAL FOR WORKERS TO MOVE TO A NEW AREA FOR WORK.
WORKERS
BURNING AT THE STAKE INTRODUCED FOR HERESY
1401
CLERY FELT UNDERMINED AND THREATENED BY PEOPLE QUESTIONING PRACTICES AND BELEIFS OF THE CHURCH
REFORMERS AND HERETICS
ACT OF UNIFORMITY
1559
EVERYONE HAD TO GO TO CHURCH ON SUNDAYS AND HOLY DAYS OR PAY A FINE
EVERYONE BUT ESPECIALLY THOSE WHO REFUSED TO GO TO CHURCH ‘RECUSANTS’
ACT OF SUPREMECY
1559
REINTRODUCED ACT OATH OF SUPREMACY.
CATHOLICS HAD TO SWEAR IT OR THEY WERE COMMITING A CRIME.
CATHOLICS
POPISH RECUSANTS ACT
1605
FORCED CATHOLICS TO SWEAR LOYALTY TO THE KING AND PAY HEACY FINES FOR NOT ATTENDING CHURCH
CATHOLICS
VAGABONDS AND BEGGARDS ACT
1495
‘IDLE’ PEOPLE PUT IN STOCKS AND SENT BACK TO THEIR PLACE OF BIRTH
VAGABONDS AND BEGGARS
THE VAGRANCY ACT
UNDER HENRY VIII
2ND ACT ABOUT VAGRANTS
1547
ABLE BODIED VAGABOND WITHOUT WORK FOR MORE THAN 3 DAYS WAS BRANDED WITH THE LETTER V AND SOLD AS A SLAVE FOR 2 YEARS
VAGABONDS AND VAGRANTS
ACT OF RELEIF OF THE POOR
1597
HARSH PUNISHMENTS TO ACT AS DETERENTS TO VAGRANTS – WHIPPING AND BURNING THE EAR USING A HOT IRON
VAGABONDS AND VAGRANTS
POOR LAWS
1601
ALL LOCAL PARISHES WERE NOW SUPPOSED TO PROVIDE POOR RELEIF TO ANYONE NOT PHYSICALLY FIT TO WORK, ‘DESERVING POOR’. ‘UNDESERVING POOR’, WHO WERE FIT TO WORK WOULD BE PUNISHED SEVERLY.
‘UNDESERVING POOR’
GAME ACT
1671
HUNTING OR FISHING ON ENCLOSED LAND BECOMES ILLEGAL.
POOR PEOPLE IN RURAL AREAS WHO RELY ON THIS LAND FOR THEIR LIVELY HOODS.
THANKSGIVING ACT
1605
EVENTS OF 5 OF NOVEMBER ORDERED TO BE COMMEMORATED EACH YEAR.
CATHOLICS AS THERE WOULD GAVE BEEN EXTRA STIGMA AROUND THEM AAT THIS TIME OF YEAR.
WITCHCRAFT ACT
1542
WITCHCRAFT PUNISHED BY DEATH.
ANYONE ACCUSED OF WITCHCRAFT.
ACT AGAINST CONJURATIONS, ENCHANTMENTS AND WITCHCRAFT
1563
WITCHCRAFT TRIED IN COMMON COURTS, NOT CHURCH COURTS – COMMON COURT PENALTIES WERE MORE SEVERE, DEATH PENALTY ISSUED TO ANYONE WHO HARMED ANOTHER PERSON WITH WITCHCRAFT.
MINOR WITCHCRAFT LIKE USING CHARMS OR MAGIC WAS PUNISHED BY STOCKS.
ANYONE ACCUSED OF WITCHCRAFT.
WITCHCRAFT AND CONJURATION ACT
1604
DEATH PENALTY GIVEN TO ANYONE SUMMONING EVIL SPIRITS.
ANYONE ACCUSED OF WITCHCRAFT.
WITCHCRAFT ACT
1735
‘WITCHES’ SEEN AS CONFIDENCE TRICKSTERS AND PUNISHED WITH FINES AND IMPRISONMENT.
‘WITCHES’
BLACK ACT
1723
MAKES POACHING A CAPITAL OFFENCE TO TRY TO DEAL WITH POCHING GANGS. MADE IT ILLEGAL TO BLACKEN YOUR FACE, CARRY SNARES AND OWN DOGS IN A HUNTING AREA.
POACHERS
HIGHWAY ROBBERY BECOMES A CAPITAL OFFENCE
1772
DEATH PENALTY INTRODUCED FOR HIGHWAYROBBERY.
HIGHWAY ROBBERS
JUDGEMENT OF DEATH ACT
1823
GIVES JUDGES THE POWER TO REDUCE THE DEATH PENALTY TO TRANSPORTATION OR IMPRISONMENT.
PEOPLE WHO COMMITTED CAPITAL CRIMES
PUNISHMENT OF DEATH ACT
1832
REDUCES THE NUMBER OF CAPITAL CRIMES TO 60.
LESS PEOPLE COMMITING MINOR CRIMES RECEIVE CAPITAL PUNISHMENTS
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AMENDMENT ACT
1868
ENDS PUBLIC EXECUTION
PEOPLE GETTING EXECUTED HAVE THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY.
SHOP KEEPERS WHO MAKE MONEY OUT OF THE BIG EVENTS LOOSE MONEY.
PETTY CRIMINALS WHO USE THE CROWD FOR PICKPOCKETING CAN NO LONGER DO THIS.
GOALS ACT 1
1835
INTRODUCES INSPECTION OF PRISONS
PRISONERS
PRISONS ACT
1865
ALL PRISONS HAVE TO FOLLOW NATIONAL RULES; PRISONERS MUST WORK AND LIVE IN HARSH CONDITIONS. EMPHASISE RETRIBUTION AND DETERRENT PURPOSES OF PRISONS.
PRISONERS
METROPOLITAN POLICE ACT
1829
GAVE LONDON A UNIFORMED POLICE FORCE.
CRIMINALS AND CIVILIANS
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS ACT
1835
GAVE BOROUGH COUNCILS THE POWERS TO SET UP A LOCAL POLICE FORCE.
THE LOCALS IN THAT AREA.
RURAL CORPORATIONS ACT
1839
ALLOWED 54 COUNTIES TO ORGANISE A PAID POLICE FORCE IN THEIR AREA. JPS WERE GIVEN POWERS TO APPOINT CHEIF CONSTABLES AND EMPLOY 1 POLICE CONSTABLE PER 1,000 POPULATION.
THE LAW ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM IN COUNTIES.
POLICE ACT
1856
FORCED THE ENTIRE COUNTRY TO SET UP LOCAL POLICE FORCES.
IT STARTED THE MODERN POLICE SERVICE, AND IMPACTED LAW ENFORCEMENT FOREVER.
GOALS ACT 1
1823
PRISONS SHOULD BE MADE MORE SECURE; GOALERS SHOULD BE PAID; FEMALE PRISONERS SHOULD BE KEPT SEPARATE FROM MALE PRISONERS; DOCTORS AND CHAPLAINS SHOULD VISIT PRISONS AND LASTLY, ATTEMPTS SHOULD BE MADE TO REFORM PRISONERS.
PRISONERS AND PRISON CONDITIONS.
PRISON DISCIPLINE ACT
1824
JPS ORDERED TO INSPECT PRISONS
PRISON CONDITIONS.
PRISON ACT 1
1839
ADVOCATES SEPERATE SYSTEM IN PRISONS.
PRISONERS AND PRISON CONDITIONS.
PRISON ACT
3
1898
EMPHASISES REHABILITATION AND REFORM OF PRISONERS.
PRISONERS
BLACK ACT REPEALED
1823
POACHING IS NO LONGER A CAPITAL OFFENCE.
PEOPLE WHO RELIED ON ENCLOSED LAND FOR FOOD CAN NO LONGER BE PUNISHED BY DEATH.
ARTISANS’ DWELLINGS ACT
1875
ONE OF LONDONS EARLIEST SLUM CLEARANCE PROGRAMES
IN WHITECHAPLE, 11 NEW BLOCKS OF FLATS WERE BUILT CALLED PEABODY ESTATE.
METROPOLITAN STREETS ACT
1867
INTRODUCED FURTHER REGULATIONS CONCERNING STREET TRADING AND TRAFFIC CONTROL AND MADE MUZZLING OF DOGS COMPULSORY.
IT WAS QUITE INEFFECTIVE, IGNORED BY THE PUBLIC, INCLUDING THE WELL OFF RESECTABLE UPPER CLASS.
THE HOUSES OF THE WORKING CLASS ACT
1890
OPENED THE WAY FOR THE NEW LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL TO BEGIN HOUSING DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES TO REPLACE SLUMS WITH MASS, LOW-COSTING HOUSING.
BENEFITED THE PEOPLE LIVING IN VERY POOR AREAS SUCH AS WHITECHAPLE, MAKING LIFE MORE COMFORTABLE AN HYGIENIC.
THE PUBLIC HEALTH AMENDMENT
1890
GAVE MORE POWERS TO LOCAL COUNCILS TO IMPROVE TOILETS, PAVING, RUBBISH COLLECTION, AND OTHER SANITARY SERVICES.
MADE LIFE FOR PEOPLE IN POOR AREAS MORE HYGIENIC, AND INCREASED GOOD HEALTH IN POOR AREAS.
SEXUAL OFFENCES ACT
1967
DECRIMINALISED HOMOSEXUALITY FOR MEN AGED OVER 21.
MALE HOMOSEXUALS NO LONGER PUNISHED FOR THEIR SEXUALITY.
CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT
2005
RAISED SEVERITY OF PUNISHMENTS FOR HATE CRIMES.
VICTIMS AND POTENTIAL VICTIMS OF HATE CRIME
RACE RELATIONS ACT
1968
MADE IT ILLEGAL TO REFUSE JOBS, HOUSING OR PUBLIC SERVICES TO ANYONE ON THE BASIS OF THEIR RACE, ETHNIC BACKGROUND OR COUNTRY OF ORIGIN.
ETHNIC MINORITIES.
RACE RELATIONS ACT 2
2006
THE LAW WAS EXTENDED TO DEFINE SPREADING RACIAL OR RELIGIOUS HATRED AS A CRIME.
PUNISHED PEOPLE WHO SPREAD RACIAL AND RELIGIOUS HATRED.
HELPED PROTECT PEOPLE WHO FACED RACIAL AND RELIGIOUS HATRED.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT
1976
GAVE VICTIMS THE RIGHT TO ASK FOR AN INJUNCTION AGAINST A VIOLENT PARTNER.
VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND PEOPLE WHO COMMITTED DOMESTIC VIOLENCE.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT 2
1991
RECOGNISES FORCED MARITAL SEX AS RAPE.
VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT 3
2014
LAW CHANGED TO MAKE COERCIVE AND CONTROLLING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS A PARTNER A CRIME.
PEOPLE BEING TREATED THIS WAY.
ABORTION ACT
1967
LEGALISED ABORTION IF CERTAIN CONDITIONS WERE MET:
- THE CHILD WAS GOING TO HAVE SERIOUS DISABILITIES.
- THE MOTHER WAS AT RISK OF SERIOUS PHYSICAL OR MENTAL HARM IF THE PREGNANCY CONTINUED – THIS HAD TO BE AGREED BY TO DOCTORS INDEPENDENTLY.
PEOPLE WHO NEEDED ABORTIONS.
MISUSE OF DRUGS ACT
1971
MANY DRUGS FIRST BECOME ILLEGAL.
DRUG USERS/TRAFFICKERS.
HOMICIDE ACT
1957
LIMITS DEATH SENTENCE TO FIVE CATEGORIES OF MURDER. MADE ALLOWANCES TO DEFENDANTS SUFFERING FROM DIMINISHED RESPONSIBILITY OR WHO HAD BEEN ABUSED BY THE PERSON THEY MURDERED – THESE CASES MURDER CHARGE WOULD BE REDUCED TO MAN SLAUGHTER – NOT A CAPITAL CRIME.
MURDERERS/MAN-SLAUGHTERS.
MURDER ACT
1965
SUSPENDED DEATH PENALTY FOR MURDER FOR 5 YEARS – DECISION MADE PERMANENT IN 1969.
MURDERERS.
CHILDRENS ACT
1908
ENDS HANGING FOR UNDER 16’S.
UNDER 16’S.
YOUNG PERSONS ACT
1933
ENDS HANGING FOR UNDER 18’S.
SETS AGE OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY TO EIGHT-YEAR-OLD – RAISED TO 10 IN 1963.
UNDER 18’S.
INFANTICIDE ACT
1922
WOMEN WOULD NOT BE PUNISHED BY THE DEATH PENALTY FOR KILLING THEIR CHILD SHORTLY AFTER BIRTH.
WOMEN – SHOWS MORE LENIET TREATMENT OF WOMEN DUE TO INCREASING UNDERSTANDING THAT WOMEN’S MENTAL STATE COULD BE AFFECTED BY PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH.
PREVENTION OF CRIME ACT
1908
CREATION OF NATIONAL SYSTEM OF BORSTALS.
YOUTH OFFENDERS.
CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT 1
1948
REDUCED THE USE OF PRISON FOR JUVENILES, AND LED TO IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROBATION SERVICE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE.
YOUTH OFFENDERS.
CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT 2
1982
ABOLISHED BORSTRAL SYSTEM AND REPLACED BORSTRALS WITH YOUTH CUSTODY CENTERS.
YOUTH OFFENDERS.
THE CHILDREN AND YOUNG PERSONS ACTS 1
1963
ACT FOCUSED ON THE IMPORTANCE OF CARING FOR AND PROTECTING YOUNG OFFENDERS AND RAISED THE AGE OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FROM 8 TO 10.
YOUTH OFFENDERS.
THE CHILDREN AND YOUNG PERSONS ACTS 2
1969
THIS LAW FAVOURED CARE ORDERS, AND SUPERVISION BY PROBATION OFFICERS AND SOCIAL WORKERS, OVER PRISON SENTENCES.
OFFENDERS.
MILITARY SERVICE ACT
1916
INTRODUCED CONSCRIPTION IN THE UK FOR THE FIRST TIME – TO FIGHT IN WW1. UNMARRIED MEN AGED 18-41 CALLED TO FIGHT, MAY 1916 MARRIED MEN TO. 1918: MEN 18-51.
MEN AGED 18-41/51.
