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history, crime and punishment. > Acts, when they were, what they did and who they affected > Flashcards

Acts, when they were, what they did and who they affected Flashcards

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1
Q

MURDRUM FINE

A

1070

INTRODUCED A FINE FOR KILLING NORMANS

PEOPLE WHO KILLED NORMANS

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2
Q

FOREST LAWS

A

1072

LAND THAT HAD PREVIOUSLY BEEN COMMON WAS NOW STRICLY CONTROLLED BY THE KING.

PEASANTS, AS THEY HAD PREVIOUSLY GRAZED ANIMALS, CAUGHT RABITS AND COLLECTED FIREWOOD ON THIS LAND – VEIWED AS A SOACIAL CRIME.

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3
Q

STATUTE OF LABOURERS

A

1351

INTRODUCED MAXIMUM WAGE FOR WORKERS AND MADE IT ILLEGAL FOR WORKERS TO ASK FOR MORE. IT ALSO MADE IT ILLEGAL FOR WORKERS TO MOVE TO A NEW AREA FOR WORK.

WORKERS

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4
Q

BURNING AT THE STAKE INTRODUCED FOR HERESY

A

1401

CLERY FELT UNDERMINED AND THREATENED BY PEOPLE QUESTIONING PRACTICES AND BELEIFS OF THE CHURCH

REFORMERS AND HERETICS

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5
Q

ACT OF UNIFORMITY

A

1559

EVERYONE HAD TO GO TO CHURCH ON SUNDAYS AND HOLY DAYS OR PAY A FINE

EVERYONE BUT ESPECIALLY THOSE WHO REFUSED TO GO TO CHURCH ‘RECUSANTS’

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6
Q

ACT OF SUPREMECY

A

1559

REINTRODUCED ACT OATH OF SUPREMACY.

CATHOLICS HAD TO SWEAR IT OR THEY WERE COMMITING A CRIME.

CATHOLICS

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7
Q

POPISH RECUSANTS ACT

A

1605

FORCED CATHOLICS TO SWEAR LOYALTY TO THE KING AND PAY HEACY FINES FOR NOT ATTENDING CHURCH

CATHOLICS

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8
Q

VAGABONDS AND BEGGARDS ACT

A

1495

‘IDLE’ PEOPLE PUT IN STOCKS AND SENT BACK TO THEIR PLACE OF BIRTH

VAGABONDS AND BEGGARS

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9
Q

THE VAGRANCY ACT
UNDER HENRY VIII
2ND ACT ABOUT VAGRANTS

A

1547

ABLE BODIED VAGABOND WITHOUT WORK FOR MORE THAN 3 DAYS WAS BRANDED WITH THE LETTER V AND SOLD AS A SLAVE FOR 2 YEARS

VAGABONDS AND VAGRANTS

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10
Q

ACT OF RELEIF OF THE POOR

A

1597

HARSH PUNISHMENTS TO ACT AS DETERENTS TO VAGRANTS – WHIPPING AND BURNING THE EAR USING A HOT IRON

VAGABONDS AND VAGRANTS

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11
Q

POOR LAWS

A

1601

ALL LOCAL PARISHES WERE NOW SUPPOSED TO PROVIDE POOR RELEIF TO ANYONE NOT PHYSICALLY FIT TO WORK, ‘DESERVING POOR’. ‘UNDESERVING POOR’, WHO WERE FIT TO WORK WOULD BE PUNISHED SEVERLY.

‘UNDESERVING POOR’

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12
Q

GAME ACT

A

1671

HUNTING OR FISHING ON ENCLOSED LAND BECOMES ILLEGAL.

POOR PEOPLE IN RURAL AREAS WHO RELY ON THIS LAND FOR THEIR LIVELY HOODS.

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13
Q

THANKSGIVING ACT

A

1605

EVENTS OF 5 OF NOVEMBER ORDERED TO BE COMMEMORATED EACH YEAR.

CATHOLICS AS THERE WOULD GAVE BEEN EXTRA STIGMA AROUND THEM AAT THIS TIME OF YEAR.

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14
Q

WITCHCRAFT ACT

A

1542

WITCHCRAFT PUNISHED BY DEATH.

ANYONE ACCUSED OF WITCHCRAFT.

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15
Q

ACT AGAINST CONJURATIONS, ENCHANTMENTS AND WITCHCRAFT

A

1563

WITCHCRAFT TRIED IN COMMON COURTS, NOT CHURCH COURTS – COMMON COURT PENALTIES WERE MORE SEVERE, DEATH PENALTY ISSUED TO ANYONE WHO HARMED ANOTHER PERSON WITH WITCHCRAFT.

MINOR WITCHCRAFT LIKE USING CHARMS OR MAGIC WAS PUNISHED BY STOCKS.

ANYONE ACCUSED OF WITCHCRAFT.

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16
Q

WITCHCRAFT AND CONJURATION ACT

A

1604

DEATH PENALTY GIVEN TO ANYONE SUMMONING EVIL SPIRITS.

ANYONE ACCUSED OF WITCHCRAFT.

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17
Q

WITCHCRAFT ACT

A

1735

‘WITCHES’ SEEN AS CONFIDENCE TRICKSTERS AND PUNISHED WITH FINES AND IMPRISONMENT.

‘WITCHES’

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18
Q

BLACK ACT

A

1723

MAKES POACHING A CAPITAL OFFENCE TO TRY TO DEAL WITH POCHING GANGS. MADE IT ILLEGAL TO BLACKEN YOUR FACE, CARRY SNARES AND OWN DOGS IN A HUNTING AREA.

POACHERS

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19
Q

HIGHWAY ROBBERY BECOMES A CAPITAL OFFENCE

A

1772

DEATH PENALTY INTRODUCED FOR HIGHWAYROBBERY.

HIGHWAY ROBBERS

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20
Q

JUDGEMENT OF DEATH ACT

A

1823

GIVES JUDGES THE POWER TO REDUCE THE DEATH PENALTY TO TRANSPORTATION OR IMPRISONMENT.

PEOPLE WHO COMMITTED CAPITAL CRIMES

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21
Q

PUNISHMENT OF DEATH ACT

A

1832

REDUCES THE NUMBER OF CAPITAL CRIMES TO 60.

LESS PEOPLE COMMITING MINOR CRIMES RECEIVE CAPITAL PUNISHMENTS

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22
Q

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AMENDMENT ACT

A

1868

ENDS PUBLIC EXECUTION

PEOPLE GETTING EXECUTED HAVE THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY.

SHOP KEEPERS WHO MAKE MONEY OUT OF THE BIG EVENTS LOOSE MONEY.

PETTY CRIMINALS WHO USE THE CROWD FOR PICKPOCKETING CAN NO LONGER DO THIS.

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23
Q

GOALS ACT 1

A

1835

INTRODUCES INSPECTION OF PRISONS

PRISONERS

24
Q

PRISONS ACT

A

1865

ALL PRISONS HAVE TO FOLLOW NATIONAL RULES; PRISONERS MUST WORK AND LIVE IN HARSH CONDITIONS. EMPHASISE RETRIBUTION AND DETERRENT PURPOSES OF PRISONS.

PRISONERS

25
Q

METROPOLITAN POLICE ACT

A

1829

GAVE LONDON A UNIFORMED POLICE FORCE.

CRIMINALS AND CIVILIANS

26
Q

MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS ACT

A

1835

GAVE BOROUGH COUNCILS THE POWERS TO SET UP A LOCAL POLICE FORCE.

THE LOCALS IN THAT AREA.

27
Q

RURAL CORPORATIONS ACT

A

1839

ALLOWED 54 COUNTIES TO ORGANISE A PAID POLICE FORCE IN THEIR AREA. JPS WERE GIVEN POWERS TO APPOINT CHEIF CONSTABLES AND EMPLOY 1 POLICE CONSTABLE PER 1,000 POPULATION.

THE LAW ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM IN COUNTIES.

28
Q

POLICE ACT

A

1856

FORCED THE ENTIRE COUNTRY TO SET UP LOCAL POLICE FORCES.

IT STARTED THE MODERN POLICE SERVICE, AND IMPACTED LAW ENFORCEMENT FOREVER.

29
Q

GOALS ACT 1

A

1823

PRISONS SHOULD BE MADE MORE SECURE; GOALERS SHOULD BE PAID; FEMALE PRISONERS SHOULD BE KEPT SEPARATE FROM MALE PRISONERS; DOCTORS AND CHAPLAINS SHOULD VISIT PRISONS AND LASTLY, ATTEMPTS SHOULD BE MADE TO REFORM PRISONERS.

PRISONERS AND PRISON CONDITIONS.

30
Q

PRISON DISCIPLINE ACT

A

1824

JPS ORDERED TO INSPECT PRISONS

PRISON CONDITIONS.

31
Q

PRISON ACT 1

A

1839

ADVOCATES SEPERATE SYSTEM IN PRISONS.

PRISONERS AND PRISON CONDITIONS.

32
Q

PRISON ACT

3

A

1898

EMPHASISES REHABILITATION AND REFORM OF PRISONERS.

PRISONERS

33
Q

BLACK ACT REPEALED

A

1823

POACHING IS NO LONGER A CAPITAL OFFENCE.

PEOPLE WHO RELIED ON ENCLOSED LAND FOR FOOD CAN NO LONGER BE PUNISHED BY DEATH.

34
Q

ARTISANS’ DWELLINGS ACT

A

1875

ONE OF LONDONS EARLIEST SLUM CLEARANCE PROGRAMES

IN WHITECHAPLE, 11 NEW BLOCKS OF FLATS WERE BUILT CALLED PEABODY ESTATE.

35
Q

METROPOLITAN STREETS ACT

A

1867

INTRODUCED FURTHER REGULATIONS CONCERNING STREET TRADING AND TRAFFIC CONTROL AND MADE MUZZLING OF DOGS COMPULSORY.

IT WAS QUITE INEFFECTIVE, IGNORED BY THE PUBLIC, INCLUDING THE WELL OFF RESECTABLE UPPER CLASS.

36
Q

THE HOUSES OF THE WORKING CLASS ACT

A

1890

OPENED THE WAY FOR THE NEW LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL TO BEGIN HOUSING DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES TO REPLACE SLUMS WITH MASS, LOW-COSTING HOUSING.

BENEFITED THE PEOPLE LIVING IN VERY POOR AREAS SUCH AS WHITECHAPLE, MAKING LIFE MORE COMFORTABLE AN HYGIENIC.

37
Q

THE PUBLIC HEALTH AMENDMENT

A

1890

GAVE MORE POWERS TO LOCAL COUNCILS TO IMPROVE TOILETS, PAVING, RUBBISH COLLECTION, AND OTHER SANITARY SERVICES.

MADE LIFE FOR PEOPLE IN POOR AREAS MORE HYGIENIC, AND INCREASED GOOD HEALTH IN POOR AREAS.

38
Q

SEXUAL OFFENCES ACT

A

1967

DECRIMINALISED HOMOSEXUALITY FOR MEN AGED OVER 21.

MALE HOMOSEXUALS NO LONGER PUNISHED FOR THEIR SEXUALITY.

39
Q

CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT

A

2005

RAISED SEVERITY OF PUNISHMENTS FOR HATE CRIMES.

VICTIMS AND POTENTIAL VICTIMS OF HATE CRIME

40
Q

RACE RELATIONS ACT

A

1968

MADE IT ILLEGAL TO REFUSE JOBS, HOUSING OR PUBLIC SERVICES TO ANYONE ON THE BASIS OF THEIR RACE, ETHNIC BACKGROUND OR COUNTRY OF ORIGIN.

ETHNIC MINORITIES.

41
Q

RACE RELATIONS ACT 2

A

2006

THE LAW WAS EXTENDED TO DEFINE SPREADING RACIAL OR RELIGIOUS HATRED AS A CRIME.

PUNISHED PEOPLE WHO SPREAD RACIAL AND RELIGIOUS HATRED.

HELPED PROTECT PEOPLE WHO FACED RACIAL AND RELIGIOUS HATRED.

42
Q

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT

A

1976

GAVE VICTIMS THE RIGHT TO ASK FOR AN INJUNCTION AGAINST A VIOLENT PARTNER.

VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND PEOPLE WHO COMMITTED DOMESTIC VIOLENCE.

43
Q

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT 2

A

1991

RECOGNISES FORCED MARITAL SEX AS RAPE.

VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE.

44
Q

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT 3

A

2014

LAW CHANGED TO MAKE COERCIVE AND CONTROLLING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS A PARTNER A CRIME.

PEOPLE BEING TREATED THIS WAY.

45
Q

ABORTION ACT

A

1967

LEGALISED ABORTION IF CERTAIN CONDITIONS WERE MET:

  • THE CHILD WAS GOING TO HAVE SERIOUS DISABILITIES.
  • THE MOTHER WAS AT RISK OF SERIOUS PHYSICAL OR MENTAL HARM IF THE PREGNANCY CONTINUED – THIS HAD TO BE AGREED BY TO DOCTORS INDEPENDENTLY.

PEOPLE WHO NEEDED ABORTIONS.

46
Q

MISUSE OF DRUGS ACT

A

1971

MANY DRUGS FIRST BECOME ILLEGAL.

DRUG USERS/TRAFFICKERS.

47
Q

HOMICIDE ACT

A

1957

LIMITS DEATH SENTENCE TO FIVE CATEGORIES OF MURDER. MADE ALLOWANCES TO DEFENDANTS SUFFERING FROM DIMINISHED RESPONSIBILITY OR WHO HAD BEEN ABUSED BY THE PERSON THEY MURDERED – THESE CASES MURDER CHARGE WOULD BE REDUCED TO MAN SLAUGHTER – NOT A CAPITAL CRIME.

MURDERERS/MAN-SLAUGHTERS.

48
Q

MURDER ACT

A

1965

SUSPENDED DEATH PENALTY FOR MURDER FOR 5 YEARS – DECISION MADE PERMANENT IN 1969.

MURDERERS.

49
Q

CHILDRENS ACT

A

1908

ENDS HANGING FOR UNDER 16’S.

UNDER 16’S.

50
Q

YOUNG PERSONS ACT

A

1933

ENDS HANGING FOR UNDER 18’S.

SETS AGE OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY TO EIGHT-YEAR-OLD – RAISED TO 10 IN 1963.

UNDER 18’S.

51
Q

INFANTICIDE ACT

A

1922

WOMEN WOULD NOT BE PUNISHED BY THE DEATH PENALTY FOR KILLING THEIR CHILD SHORTLY AFTER BIRTH.

WOMEN – SHOWS MORE LENIET TREATMENT OF WOMEN DUE TO INCREASING UNDERSTANDING THAT WOMEN’S MENTAL STATE COULD BE AFFECTED BY PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH.

52
Q

PREVENTION OF CRIME ACT

A

1908

CREATION OF NATIONAL SYSTEM OF BORSTALS.

YOUTH OFFENDERS.

53
Q

CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT 1

A

1948

REDUCED THE USE OF PRISON FOR JUVENILES, AND LED TO IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROBATION SERVICE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE.

YOUTH OFFENDERS.

54
Q

CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT 2

A

1982

ABOLISHED BORSTRAL SYSTEM AND REPLACED BORSTRALS WITH YOUTH CUSTODY CENTERS.

YOUTH OFFENDERS.

55
Q

THE CHILDREN AND YOUNG PERSONS ACTS 1

A

1963

ACT FOCUSED ON THE IMPORTANCE OF CARING FOR AND PROTECTING YOUNG OFFENDERS AND RAISED THE AGE OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FROM 8 TO 10.

YOUTH OFFENDERS.

56
Q

THE CHILDREN AND YOUNG PERSONS ACTS 2

A

1969

THIS LAW FAVOURED CARE ORDERS, AND SUPERVISION BY PROBATION OFFICERS AND SOCIAL WORKERS, OVER PRISON SENTENCES.

OFFENDERS.

57
Q

MILITARY SERVICE ACT

A

1916

INTRODUCED CONSCRIPTION IN THE UK FOR THE FIRST TIME – TO FIGHT IN WW1. UNMARRIED MEN AGED 18-41 CALLED TO FIGHT, MAY 1916 MARRIED MEN TO. 1918: MEN 18-51.

MEN AGED 18-41/51.

history, crime and punishment. (18 decks)

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