"Actors and Their Roles"

Question 1

Key Players

Answer 1

• Govt (at all levels) - public sector
• Industry/Business
• Special Intrest Groups (NGOs)
• The Public

Question 2

Governance - What is it?

Answer 2

Means by which social collectives govern, organize, and coordinate the actions of individuals to achieve collective outcomes

“The exercise of political, economic and administrative authority necessary to manage nation’s affairs.” – OECD Definition

Government has FORMAL authority to govern but governance is BROADER than Government.

The system by which entities are directed and controlled

Question 3

Elements of Good Governance

Answer 3

• Accountability
• Transparency
• Efficiency
• Effectiveness
• Responsiveness
• Forward-looking Vision
• Rule of Law
• Legit authority to govern
• inclusiveness to diff stakeholders
• Whole govt approach
• Capacity to develop/implement policy

Question 4

What does governance look like in the tourism context?

Answer 4

UNWTO - “A system and process to define strategies and implement them to achieve competitiveness and sustainable development of tourism destination,”

OR

“Process of conducting coordinated activities among public, private and social actors in the ‘tourism system’ to create synergies”

Question 5

Governance Themes

Answer 5

• Role of Central Govt
• Coordination
• Whole Government approach to tourism policy- - Central Govt

Question 6

Role of Central Govt

Answer 6

• governs an entire nation.
• oversees finance, commerce, national defence, foreign affairs, and all laws.
• also include regulatory oversight and protection of the rights of citizens.

Question 6

Challenges for tourism

Answer 6

• Variety of stakeholders w/ wide range of understanding
• ‘Open’ sector
• Fragmented sector
• Hybrid ‘industry’
• Mixed role of Govts

Question 7

“Whole government” approach to tourism policy

Answer 7

• Demand side activities (MRKT/Promo)
• Supply side activities (develop/competitive)
• Horizontal Coordination
• Vertical Coordination

Question 8

Coordination Approaches

Answer 8

• National Tourism Strategies
• Contractual Arrangements
• Networks of Collaboration - Multilevel governance)

Question 9

Additional Governance Themes

Answer 9

1. Tourism governance at the sub-national level
   - Regional governments and DMOs
   - Tools for capacity building (skills and resources)
2. Coordination and interface with industry
   - Through tourism industry bodies and special interest groups
   - Public/private partnerships
   - Outsourcing

Question 9

Additional Governance Themes

Answer 9

1. Tourism governance at the sub-national level
   - Regional governments and DMOs
   - Tools for capacity building (skills and resources)
2. Coordination and interface with industry
   - Through tourism industry bodies and special interest groups
   - Public/private partnerships
   - Outsourcing